vertebral column 2 Flashcards
what are some features of a typical vertebrae
Heart shaped body with 2 semi-facets.
The superior articulates with the head of the corresponding rib.
The inferior one articulates with the rib below (costo –vertebral joint).
The transverse process has one facet that articulates with the tubercle of the corresponding rib (costo –transverse joint).
what are some features of the lumbar vertebrae
Spine is thick and quadrangular.
Inferior articular facet looks laterally.
what is the defining feature of the 5th lumbar vertebra
Has the widest body.
Transverse process, is thick, short and pyramidal in shape
which vertebrae does the base of the sacrum articulate with
directed up & articulates with L5
which part of the sacrum articulates with the coccyx
the apex of the sacrum
which nerve supplies the joints between the vertebral bodies
meningeal branches of each spinal nerve .
which nerve supplies the joints between the articular processes
branches from the posterior rami of the spinal nerves.
what happens to the spine in a disc prolapse
The outward thrust on annulus fibrosus > ruptures, allowing the nucleus pulposus to herniate &protrude into the vertebral canal.
It may press on the spinal nerve roots, the spinal nerve, or even the spinal cord.
Most commonly seen in the lumbar region
where does dislocation commonly occur
the 4th and 5th or 5th and 6th cervical vertebrae
what are some symptoms of dislocation
According to severity, symptoms include back or neck pain, numbness, tingling, muscle spasm, weakness.
what is the curvature of the spine at birth
Long curve convex posteriorly seen from before birth as a result of fetal movements in utero.
what is the curvature of the spine of adults
cervical- convex anteriorly
thoracic- concave anteriorly
lumbar-convex anteriorly
pelvic-concave anteriorly
when does the lumbar curve develop in kids
Lumbar curve develops when the child begins to sit /walk and hold his trunk upright (12 months to 16 months)
what causes kyphosis and what is it
exaggeration in the sagittal curvature in the thoracic part of the vertebral column.
caused by muscular weakness( old people and people studying over low desks
how and who does lordosis affect
exaggeration in the sagittal curvature present in the lumbar region.
affects pregnant women
what causes spondylolisthesis
condition in which one vertebra in your back, slides forward over the bone below it
common in lumbosacral area
what causes scoliosis
It is a lateral deviation of the vertebral column.
This is most commonly found in the thoracic region.
Caused by muscular or vertebral defects as congenital hemi- vertebra and short leg or hip disease.
in the cervical region what muscles are used for flexion
flexion: Sternocleidomastoid, longus colli and scalenus anterior muscles.
lateral flexion: longus is changed for medius muscles
in the cervical region what muscles are used for extension and rotation
Extension: Semispinalis, rectus capitis posterior minor/major.
Rotation: sternocleidomastoid on one side and the splenius on the other side.
in the thoracic region what muscles do rotation, flexion,extension
Rotation: oblique muscles of the anterior abdominal wall + multifidus & rotators.
Lateral flexion: oblique muscles of the anterior abdominal wall and the quadratus lumborum
Flexion: rectus abdominis and the psoas muscles.
Extension: erector spinae muscle.
