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med209 > triangles of the neck > Flashcards

triangles of the neck Flashcards

1
Q

what are the origin and insertion points of platysma

A

Origin: skin & fascia of supra& infraclavicular regions
Insertion: lower border of the mandible & skin of lower lip

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2
Q

what is the action of the platysma

A

Action: depress the mandible and angle of mouth & tense the skin of neck

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3
Q

what is the nerve supply of the platysma

A

Nerve supply: cervical branch of facial nerve

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4
Q

what are the boundries of the anterior triangle of the neck

A

anterior- middle line of neck

posterior-anterior border of sterno - mastoid.

Base :
Superiorly.
Lower border of the mandible & a line extends to the mastoid process.

Apex :
Inferiorly.
Suprasternal notch.

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5
Q

inside the anterior triangle of the neck there are 3 and half more triangles, what are their names

A

Muscular.
Carotid.
Digastric.
½ submental.

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6
Q

what are the boundries of the carotid triangle

A

Posteriorly : upper part of sterno - mastoid.

Antero - inferiorly: superior belly of the omohyoid muscle muscle.

Antero - superiorly: posterior belly of the digastric muscle & stylohyoid muscles.

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7
Q

the floor of the carotid triangle has an anterior and posterior part what are they

A 
Anterior part is formed by: 
Hyoglossus (above) & 
Thyro - hyoid (below) the hyoid bone. 
Posterior part is formed by : 
The middle constrictor (above) &
The inferior constrictor (below) the hyoid bone.
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8
Q

what vessels are contained in the carotid triangle

A
  • upper part of carotid artery
  • internal and external carotid artery
  • internal jugular vein
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9
Q

what nerves are in the carotid triangle

A
  • Hypoglossal nerve.
  • Vagus nerve.
  • Spinal accessory nerve.
  • Ansa cervicalis (C1, 2,3).
  • Sympathetic chain
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10
Q

what are the boundries of the digastric triangle?

A

Anteroinferiorly: anterior belly of digastric.

Poster inferiorly: posterior belly of the digastric + stylohyoid.

Above: the base of the mandible and a line drawn from mandibular angle to the mastoid process.

Floor: formed by hyoglossus muscle covered partially by the mylohyoid muscle

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11
Q

what is the origin and insertion points of the myelohyoid muscle

A

Origin: myelo- hyoid line
Insertion: hyoid bone

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12
Q

what is the action of the myelohyoid muscle

A

Action: elevation of floor of mouth & hyoid bone especially in swallowing and speech

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13
Q

what is the nerve supply to the myelohoid muscle

A

Nerve supply: mandibular nerve

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14
Q

what is the origin of the digastric muscle, the anterior and posterior belly

A

anterior belly > digastric fossa

posterior belly > mastoid notch

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15
Q

what is the action of the digastric muscle

A

Action: raising hyoid & opening the mouth.

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16
Q

what is the nerve supply of the anterior and posterior belly of the digastric muscle

A

anterior belly > mandibular nerve

posterior belly > facial nerve.

17
Q

what glands and vessels are contained in the digastric triangle

A

Submandibular gland.
Submandibular lymph node.
Parotid gland.

Facial artery & vein.
External carotid artery.

18
Q

what are the boundries of the submental triangle

A

Base: hyoid bone.
Apex: the chin.
On either side: the anterior belly of the digastric.
Floor: mylohyoid muscle.

19
Q

which 4 infra-hyoid muscles are contained in the muscular triangle

A

superficial:
- sternohyoid
- omohyoid

deep:

  • sternothyroid
  • thyrohyoid
20
Q

what actions does the muscular triangle perform

A

step 1 of swallowing:
thyrohyoid closes laryngeal inlet

step 2 of swallowing:
sternohyoid/omohyoid/sternothyroid
depress larynx to open larnygeal inlet

21
Q

which nerves supply the muscular triangle

A

All are supplied by ansa cervicalis except thyrohyoid which is supplied by the nerve to thyrohyoid

22
Q

what are the boundries of the posterior triangle of the neck

A

Anteriorly : the posterior border of the sterno - mastoid muscle.

Posteriorly : the anterior border of the trapezius muscle.

Base : the intermediate 1/3 of the clavicle.

Apex : formed by the meeting of sternomastoid and trapezius muscles (at the superior nuchal line).

23
Q

what is the roof of the posterior triangle made up of

A

Skin.
Superficial fascia (containing the platysma).
The investing layer of the deep cervical fascia.

24
Q

what is the floor of the posterior triangle made up of

A 
Floor : formed by muscles from below upwards are 
Scalenus medius.
Levator scapulae.
Splenius capitis. 
A small part of semispinalis capitis.
25
Q

what nerves are contained in the posterior triangle

A
  • spinal accesory nerve(c1-c5 spinal)
  • 4 cutaneous branches of cervical plexus
    1. lesser occipital nerve
    2. great auricular nerve
    3. transverse cervical nerve
    4. supraclavicular nerves

-1st and 2nd stages of brachial plexus

26
Q

parslysis of the levator scapulae and trapezius muscle indicates injury to which nerve

A

the spinal accessory nerve

27
Q

what vessels are contained in the posterior triangle

A
  • The 3rd part of occipital artery
  • The 3rd part of the subclavian artery
  • Transverse Cervical artery.
  • Supra - scapular artery.
  • Subclavian V
28
Q

which muscles are found in the posterior triangle

A
  • Inferior belly of omohyoid.

- sternocleidomastoid

29
Q

what is the origin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

A

Sternal head : from the front of the manubrium sterni.

Clavicular head : from the the medial 1/3 of the clavicle.

30
Q

what is the insertion point of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

A

Lateral surface of the mastoid process.

The lateral 1/2 of the superior nuchal line.

31
Q

which nerve supplies the sternocleidomastoid muscle

A

Spinal accessory nerve.

32
Q

what actions does the sternocleidomastoid muscle perform

A

Acting alone :
It flexes the head to its own side & so the face is turned to the opposite side.

Acting together :
Flex the neck forwards.
Assist in deep inspiration (through elevation of clavicle & sternum).

med209 (19 decks)

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