Osteomyelitis and Septic Arthritis Flashcards
define osteomyelitis
Osteomyelitis denotes inflammation of bone and bone marrow commonly due to infection.
what is the most common type of pyogenic bacteria that causes osteomyelitis
Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for 80% to 90% of the cases of pyogenic osteomyelitis
which non pyogenic bacteria causes osteomyelitis
Mcobacteria( TB)
in neonates where is a common location for infection
the metaphyseal vessels penetrate the growth plate, resulting in frequent infection of the metaphysis, epiphysis, or both.
where is a common location of infection for children
localization of microorganisms in the metaphysis ( highly vascular) is typical.
how does the bacteria cause osteomyelitis
gets into the bone and induces a acute inflammatory reaction, within 48 hours the bone undergoes necrosis.
the bacteria and inflam spread within shaft and can spread to the periosteum via the haversian system
how are subperiosteal abscess formed
in kids periosteum is attached loosely to cortex, therefore subpersioteal abscesses may form.
Lifting of the periosteum further impairs the blood supply to the affected region, and both the suppurative and the ischemic injury may cause segmental bone necrosis
what is a dead piece of bone called
a sequestrum
what would cause a draining sinus
Rupture of the periosteum leads to a soft-tissue abscess and the eventual formation of a draining sinus.
how can you define a involucrum
When the newly deposited bone forms a sleeve of living tissue around the segment of devitalized infected bone, it is known as an involucrum
how would epiphyseal infections be spread to adjacent tissue
preads through the articular surface or along capsular and tendoligamentous insertions into a joint, producing septic or suppurative arthritis, which can cause destruction of the articular cartilage and permanent disability.
what are some complications of chronic osteomyelitis
include pathologic fracture, secondary amyloidosis, endocarditis, sepsis, development of squamous cell carcinoma in the sinus tract
tuberculous osteomyelitis is a secondary to what other disease
occurs secondarily to pulmonary tuberculosis
which is harder to control TB osteomyelitis or pyogenic osteomyelitis
Tuberculous osteomyelitis tends to be more destructive and resistant to control
what is potts disease
In the spine (Pott’s Disease) the infection breaks through intervertebral discs to involve multiple vertebrae and extends into the soft tissues forming abscesses.
what are some symptoms of kyphosis
pain on motion, localized tenderness, low-grade fevers, chills, and weight loss, night sweating
what does kyphosis affect primarily
Severe destruction of vertebrae frequently results in permanent compression fractures that produce severe scoliotic or kyphotic deformities and neurologic deficits secondary to spinal cord and nerve compression.
when do bone lesions appear with congenital syphilis
he bone lesions begin to appear about the fifth month of gestation and are fully developed at birth.
when do bone lesions appear with acquired syphilis
bone disease may begin early in the tertiary stage, which is usually 2 to 5 years after the initial infection.
what causes syphilitic saber and what is the morphology
The syphilitic saber shin is produced by massive reactive periosteal bone deposition on the medial and anterior surfaces of the tibia.
Syphilitic bone infection is characterized by edematous granulation tissue containing numerous plasma cells and necrotic bone.
why is infectious arthritis so dangerous
Infectious arthritis is potentially serious, because it can cause rapid destruction of the joint and produce permanent deformities.
which are the most common organisms that cause septic arthritis
gonococcus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, and gram-negative bacilli (E. coli, Salmonella, Pseudomonas, and others)
what would sudden development of an acutely painful and swollen infected joint that has a restricted range of motion tell us what a patient has
septic arthritis
how can we define TB arthritis
A chronic progressive monoarticular disease that occurs in all age groups, especially adults.
what causes TB arthritis
A complication of adjoining osteomyelitis or
After hematogenous dissemination from a visceral (usually pulmonary) site of infection.
what is the outcome of TB arthritis
Chronic disease results in severe destruction with fibrous ankylosis and obliteration of the joint space.
The weight-bearing joints are usually affected, especially the hips, knees, and ankles in descending order of frequency.
which type of arthritis is transmitted by ticks
lyme arthritis, caused by infection with the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi,
what is a dominant feature of lyme arthritis
The arthritis is the dominant feature of late disease; it tends to be remitting and migratory, and primarily involves large joints, especially the knees, shoulders, elbows, and ankles in descending order of frequency.
what infections cause viral arthritis
Arthritis can occur in the setting of a variety of viral infections, including parvovirus B19, rubella, Epstein-Barr virus, and hepatitis B and C virus.
