Osteomyelitis and Septic Arthritis

Question 1

define osteomyelitis

Answer 1

Osteomyelitis denotes inflammation of bone and bone marrow commonly due to infection.

Question 2

what is the most common type of pyogenic bacteria that causes osteomyelitis

Answer 2

Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for 80% to 90% of the cases of pyogenic osteomyelitis

Question 3

which non pyogenic bacteria causes osteomyelitis

Answer 3

Mcobacteria( TB)

Question 4

in neonates where is a common location for infection

Answer 4

the metaphyseal vessels penetrate the growth plate, resulting in frequent infection of the metaphysis, epiphysis, or both.

Question 5

where is a common location of infection for children

Answer 5

localization of microorganisms in the metaphysis ( highly vascular) is typical.

Question 6

how does the bacteria cause osteomyelitis

Answer 6

gets into the bone and induces a acute inflammatory reaction, within 48 hours the bone undergoes necrosis.

the bacteria and inflam spread within shaft and can spread to the periosteum via the haversian system

Question 7

how are subperiosteal abscess formed

Answer 7

in kids periosteum is attached loosely to cortex, therefore subpersioteal abscesses may form.

Lifting of the periosteum further impairs the blood supply to the affected region, and both the suppurative and the ischemic injury may cause segmental bone necrosis

Question 8

what is a dead piece of bone called

Answer 8

a sequestrum

Question 9

what would cause a draining sinus

Answer 9

Rupture of the periosteum leads to a soft-tissue abscess and the eventual formation of a draining sinus.

Question 10

how can you define a involucrum

Answer 10

When the newly deposited bone forms a sleeve of living tissue around the segment of devitalized infected bone, it is known as an involucrum

Question 11

how would epiphyseal infections be spread to adjacent tissue

Answer 11

preads through the articular surface or along capsular and tendoligamentous insertions into a joint, producing septic or suppurative arthritis, which can cause destruction of the articular cartilage and permanent disability.

Question 12

what are some complications of chronic osteomyelitis

Answer 12

include pathologic fracture, secondary amyloidosis, endocarditis, sepsis, development of squamous cell carcinoma in the sinus tract

Question 13

tuberculous osteomyelitis is a secondary to what other disease

Answer 13

occurs secondarily to pulmonary tuberculosis

Question 14

which is harder to control TB osteomyelitis or pyogenic osteomyelitis

Answer 14

Tuberculous osteomyelitis tends to be more destructive and resistant to control

Question 15

what is potts disease

Answer 15

In the spine (Pott’s Disease) the infection breaks through intervertebral discs to involve multiple vertebrae and extends into the soft tissues forming abscesses.

Question 16

what are some symptoms of kyphosis

Answer 16

pain on motion, localized tenderness, low-grade fevers, chills, and weight loss, night sweating

Question 17

what does kyphosis affect primarily

Answer 17

Severe destruction of vertebrae frequently results in permanent compression fractures that produce severe scoliotic or kyphotic deformities and neurologic deficits secondary to spinal cord and nerve compression.

Question 18

when do bone lesions appear with congenital syphilis

Answer 18

he bone lesions begin to appear about the fifth month of gestation and are fully developed at birth.

Question 19

when do bone lesions appear with acquired syphilis

Answer 19

bone disease may begin early in the tertiary stage, which is usually 2 to 5 years after the initial infection.

Question 20

what causes syphilitic saber and what is the morphology

Answer 20

The syphilitic saber shin is produced by massive reactive periosteal bone deposition on the medial and anterior surfaces of the tibia.

Syphilitic bone infection is characterized by edematous granulation tissue containing numerous plasma cells and necrotic bone.

Question 21

why is infectious arthritis so dangerous

Answer 21

Infectious arthritis is potentially serious, because it can cause rapid destruction of the joint and produce permanent deformities.

Question 22

which are the most common organisms that cause septic arthritis

Answer 22

gonococcus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, and gram-negative bacilli (E. coli, Salmonella, Pseudomonas, and others)

Question 23

what would sudden development of an acutely painful and swollen infected joint that has a restricted range of motion tell us what a patient has

Answer 23

septic arthritis

Question 24

how can we define TB arthritis

Answer 24

A chronic progressive monoarticular disease that occurs in all age groups, especially adults.

Question 25

what causes TB arthritis

Answer 25

A complication of adjoining osteomyelitis or

After hematogenous dissemination from a visceral (usually pulmonary) site of infection.

Question 26

what is the outcome of TB arthritis

Answer 26

Chronic disease results in severe destruction with fibrous ankylosis and obliteration of the joint space.

The weight-bearing joints are usually affected, especially the hips, knees, and ankles in descending order of frequency.

Question 27

which type of arthritis is transmitted by ticks

Answer 27

lyme arthritis, caused by infection with the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi,

Question 28

what is a dominant feature of lyme arthritis

Answer 28

The arthritis is the dominant feature of late disease; it tends to be remitting and migratory, and primarily involves large joints, especially the knees, shoulders, elbows, and ankles in descending order of frequency.

Question 29

what infections cause viral arthritis

Answer 29

Arthritis can occur in the setting of a variety of viral infections, including parvovirus B19, rubella, Epstein-Barr virus, and hepatitis B and C virus.