Ventilation, Gas Exchange and Acid Base Flashcards

1
Q

What is “Minute Volume”?

A

The volume of air entering and leaving the lungs each minute

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2
Q

What is “Tidal Volume”?

A

The air taken in and out with each breath

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3
Q

What is Minute Volume also known as?

A

Pulmonary Ventilation

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4
Q

Why is Pulmonary Ventilation > Alveolar Ventilation?

A

Anatomical dead-space
Physiological dead-space

Dead-space = Vd

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5
Q

Tidal Volume is the sum of two things - what are they?

A

Tidal Volume = Dead Space + Alveolar Ventilation

TV = Vd + Va

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6
Q

Define “Residual Volume”

A

The air remaining in the lungs following an expiration

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7
Q

Inspiratory capacity is the sum of two things,,?

A

Inspiratory Reserve Volume + Tidal Volume

IC = IRV + TV

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8
Q

Expiratory capacity is the sum of two things..?

A

Expiratory Reserve Volume + Tidal Volume

EC = ERV + TV`

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9
Q

Functional residual capacity is the sum of..?

A

Expiratory Reserve Volume + Residual Volume

FRC ERV + RV

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10
Q

Total Lung Capacity is the sum of..?

A

Vital Capacity + Residual Volume

TLC = VC + RV

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11
Q

What two parameters cannot be measured directly by Spirometry?

A
Residual Volume (RV)
Functional Residual Volume (FRV)
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12
Q

The Haemoglobin-Oxygen dissociation curve shifts to the right when there is an increase in..?

A
  • H+
  • CO2
  • Temperature
  • BPG
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13
Q

How is the Foetal Hb-O2 dissociation curve different to Adult Hb-O2 dissociation curve?

A

More shifted to the left (increased affinity)

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14
Q

What is the Haldane effect?

A

Deoxyhaemoglobin has a higher affinity for CO2 than Oxyhaemoglobin

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15
Q

What effect does hyperventilation have on CO2?

A

Causes low CO2 (hypocapnia) and alkalosis

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16
Q

What effect does hypoventilation have on CO2?

A

Causes high CO2 (hypercapnia) and acidosis

17
Q

What is hypo / hypercapnia?

A
Hypocapnia = low CO2
Hypercapnia = high CO2