Examination of the CVS

Question 1

What are the two main causes of Nail Clubbing

Answer 1

Infective endocarditis

Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease

Question 2

Fatty cholesterol deposits around the eyes are called?

Answer 2

Xanthalesma

Question 3

Cyanosis is approximately caused by having an SaO2 of..?

Answer 3

< 75%

Question 4

A blue tongue is a sign of peripheral or central cyanosis?

Answer 4

Central cyanosis

Question 5

Draw and label the JVP diagram

Answer 5

a c v y

x

Question 6

Where is the apex beat?

Answer 6

5th intercostal space, mid-clavicular line

Question 7

What does S1, S2, and S3 and S4 signify?

Answer 7

S1 =  Mitral then Tricuspid valve closes
S2 = Aortic then Pulmonary valve closes
S3 = Ventricular filling
S4 = Ventricular filling

Question 8

State 4 examples of heart murmurs

Answer 8

• Aortic stenosis
• Aortic regurgitation
• Mitral regurgitation
• Mitral stenosis