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Medicine, Year 1 Block 2 (Healthy Heart and Lungs) > Microanatomy of the Vascular System > Flashcards

Microanatomy of the Vascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Arteries are denoted to be what colour?

A

Red

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2
Q

Veins are denoted to be what colour?

A

Blue

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3
Q

Pulmonary arteries are denoted to be what colour?

A

Blue

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4
Q

Pulmonary veins are denoted to be what colour?

A

Red

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5
Q

What are the four functions of blood vessels?

A

Distribution of blood
Gas exchange
Solute transfer
Haemostasis / inflammation

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6
Q

All vessels of the cardiovascular system can be described in terms of three layers. What are they?

A 
Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica externa (adventitia)
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7
Q

What does “vaso vasorum” mean?

A

Vessels of the vessel

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8
Q

Describe the components of the Tunica Intima (4)

A

Endothelium
Basa lamina of endothelium
Loose connective tissue
Internal elastic lamina

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9
Q

Describe the components of the Tunica Media (3)

A

Smooth muscle
Connective tissue
External elastic lamina

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10
Q

Describe the components of the Tunica Externa (adventitia) (3)

A

Irregular connective tissue
Vaso vasorum
Lymphatics / nerves

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11
Q

What is the histology of endothelium?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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12
Q

What does NO do in blood vessels?

A

Vasodilation

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13
Q

Blood pressure depends on two things - what are they?

A

Cardiac Output

Peripheral Resistance

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14
Q

What does Resistance depend on? Two things

A

Blood Viscosity

Dimensions of vessel

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15
Q

Which blood vessel has the highest blood pressure?

A

The Aorta (biggest artery)

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16
Q

Which set of blood vessels has the lowest blood pressure?

A

Veins

17
Q

In which set of blood vessels is there the biggest change in blood pressure?

A

Arterioles

18
Q

Which set of blood vessels have the smallest diameter?

A

Capillaries

19
Q

What are the three types of capillary?

A

Continuous
Fenestrated
Discontinuous

20
Q

Of the three types of capillary - what is the most common?

A

Continuous capillary

21
Q

Describe the structure of Fenestrated capillaries

A

Found in tissues with high exchange function. Endothelium has “pores” for exchange called Fenestrations

22
Q

Describe the structure of Discontinuous capillaries

A

Found in tissues with high cell and molecular exchange. Physical gaps are found between endothelial cells

23
Q

Structurally, how are veins different from arteries? 3 differences

A
  1. No internal elastic lamina
  2. Thinner tunica media
  3. Presence of valves to prevent backflow
24
Q

Do arteries have valves?

A

No

25
Q

Do lymphatic vessels have valves?

A

Yes

26
Q

What are the three layers of the heart?

A

Endocardium
Myocardium (heart muscle)
Epicardium

Medicine, Year 1 Block 2 (Healthy Heart and Lungs) (20 decks)

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