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Medicine, Year 1 Block 2 (Healthy Heart and Lungs) > Upper Airway Tract and Chest > Flashcards

Upper Airway Tract and Chest Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three broad functions of the Respiratory Tract?

A

Gaseous Exchange (Conducting and Respiratory)
Phonation
Olfaction

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2
Q

Describe the sub-functions of Gaseous Exchange (Conducting and Respiratory)

A

The conducting function involves all respiratory passages which air passes through. There is cleansing, warming and humidifying of incoming air

The respiratory function is where the actual sites of gas exchange take place. Involves the bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli

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3
Q

What are the apertures of the nose called?

A

Nostrils

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4
Q

What structure divides the nasal cavity into two?

A

Nasal septum

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5
Q

Each nasal septum has three “shelves” - what are they called?

A

Conchae / Turbinate bones

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6
Q

There are three chonchae, what are they called?

A

Superior choncha
Middle choncha
Inferior choncha

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7
Q

The thick capillary bed located in the nose, formed by the anastomosis of arteries is called what?

A

Kieselbach’s Plexus / Little’s Area

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8
Q

Underneath each chonchae is..?

A

A meatus

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9
Q

What structure is located in the posterior wall of the nose?

A

Choanae

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10
Q

What are the five arteries of Kieselbach’s Plexus?

A
  1. Septal branch of anterior ethmoidal artery
  2. Septal branch of posterior ethmoidal artery
  3. Septal branch of sphenopalatine
  4. Septal branch from nasal artery from superior labial artery
  5. Terminal part of greater palatine artery
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11
Q

In the nose, there is Respiratory Mucosa and Olfactory Mucosa. What is the histology of both?

A

Respiratory Mucosa: Pseudostratified Cilliated Columnar Epithelium with Goblet cells

Olfactory Mucosa: Olfactory Epithelium

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12
Q

The Olfactory Mucosa can sense smell via sensory receptors. Where do these impulses travel?

A

Impulses travel through the Cribriform plate to the Olfactory Bulb in the Ethmoid plate

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13
Q

There are five paranasal sinuses. What are they called? Which ones are paid / unpaired?

A 
Frontal Sinus: Paired
Ethmoid Sinus: Paired
Maxillary Sinus: Paired
Sphenoid Sinus: Unpaired
Pharynx Sinus: Unpaired
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14
Q

The Middle meatus has openings to which three Paranasal sinuses?

A

Frontal
Maxillary
Ethmoid

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15
Q

The Superior meatus has openings to which Paranasal sinus?

A

Ethmoid

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16
Q

Quite often, tears secreted from the Lacrimal gland can pass down which duct, and into which meatus?

A

The nasolacrimal duct

Into the inferior meatus

17
Q

A nosebleed is clinically known?

A

Epistaxis

18
Q

The pharynx has constrictor muscles. What are they called?

A

Superior constrictor
Middle constrictor
Inferior constrictor

19
Q

The pharynx can be divided into three sections. What are they called?

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

20
Q

Where does the nasopharynx begin and end?

A

Base of the skull to the uvula

21
Q

Where does the oropharynx begin and end?

A

From the soft palate to the epiglottis

22
Q

Where does the laryngopharynx begin and end?

A

From the epiglottis to the cricoid

23
Q

Which structure connects the pharynx to the middle ear?

A

Eustachian tube

24
Q

What does the Eustachian tube do?

A

Connects the middle ear to the pharynx

25
Q

What are the upper and lower borders of the Larynx?

A

Defined superiorly by the Laryngeal inlet, defined inferiorly by the Cricoid cartilage

26
Q

How many cartilages of the Larynx are there?

A

9

27
Q

How many cartilages are paired and how many are unpaired

A

3 unpaired and 3 paired

28
Q

What are the three unpaired cartilages called?

A

Epiglottis
Thyroid
Cricoid

29
Q

What are the three paired cartilages called?

A

Arytenoid x 2
Cuneiform x 2
Corniculate x 2

30
Q

The true vocal folds are also known as..?

A

The arytenoids

31
Q

The space between the vocal folds which air passes through is called..?

A

The rima glottidis

32
Q

How long is the trachea?

A

10 - 15cm

33
Q

The upper margin of the thyroid cartilage & common carotid artery bifurcation is located where?

A

C3 / C4

34
Q

The cricoid cartilage is located at which level?

A

C6

35
Q

Aside from the cricoid cartilage, what else is located at C6?

A

Superior end of Oesophagus and trachea

Medicine, Year 1 Block 2 (Healthy Heart and Lungs) (20 decks)

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