Vasodilators

Question 1

MOA: Broken down in the circulation to release nitric oxide (NO), which activates guanylate cyclase in the vascular smooth muscle

Answer 1

Sodium Nitroprusside

Question 2

This drug is a direct acting vasodilator used to treat hypertension, to induce controlled hypotension to reduce postoperative bleeding, and to manage acute heart failure

Answer 2

Sodium Nitroprusside

Question 3

Indications:
For immediate reduction of blood pressure of patients in hypertensive crises, reduce bleeding during surgery, and for the treatment of acute congestive heart failure

Answer 3

Sodium Nitroprusside

Question 4

Side effects of sodium nitroprusside?

Answer 4

excessive low blood pressure,
abdominal pain,
apprehension,
sweating,
dizziness,
headache

Question 5

Which of the three core drugs is a direct-acting vasodilator?

Answer 5

Sodium nitroprusside

Question 6

Which of the nitrates are short-acting?

Answer 6

Glyceryl trinitrate

Question 7

How should nitrates be administered in the treatment of ACS or acute heart failure?

Answer 7

Intravenously

Question 8

Indication: For prophylaxis of angina where a beta blocker and/or CCB are insufficient or not tolerated

Answer 8

Isosorbide mononitrate

Question 9

Indication: Hypertensive emergencies

Answer 9

Sodium nitroprusside or IV labetalol

Question 10

MOA: This drug class is rapidly converted to nitric oxide following absorption. NO increases cyclic GMP synthesis and reduces intracellular calcium in vascular smooth muscle cells, causing them to relax.

Answer 10

Nitrates

Question 11

Adverse effects in nitrates?

Answer 11

Headaches, light-headedness/dizziness, and hypotension. GTN can cause syncope.
Prolonged use can lead to tolerance (rapid loss of effect with continuous use)

Question 12

Contraindication for nitrates?

Answer 12

Severe aortic stenosis (abrupt vasodilation can lead to cardiovascular collapse).
Avoid in hypotension

Question 13

Indications: Stable angina, ACS, heart failure

Answer 13

nitrates

Question 14

In the treatment of angina, these drugs help to increase oxygen supply by dilating the coronary arterioles (++).
They reduce cardiac workload (reduce both preload and afterload), and dilate veins by delivering NO to the tissues

Answer 14

Nitrates

Question 15

Which drug is administered in a spray form, and can be used prior to exercise to prevent angina attacks?

Answer 15

Glyceryl trinitrate