Vasculature of Pelvis and Gluteal Region

Question 1

what are the terminal branches of the common iliac artery?at what level does it divide?

Answer 1

internal and external iliac a. given off btwn L5 and S1 vertebrae

Question 2

how far does the external iliac a. extend?

Answer 2

from IV disc btwn the 5th lumbar and 1st sacral vertebrae to the inguinal ligament

Question 3

what are the branches of the external iliac artery?

Answer 3

inferior epigastric

deep circumflex iliac

Question 4

as the inferior epigastric artery ascends superiorly and medially in the subperitoneal tissues, it forms what?

Answer 4

lateral umbilical fold

Question 5

what does the inferior epigastric artery anastomose with?

Answer 5

superior epigastric artery slightly above the umbilicus

Question 6

what is the origin of the inferior epigastric artery?

Answer 6

originates from external iliac a. just before it passes deep to the inguinal ligament and ascends superiorly

Question 7

what is the origin of the deep circumflex iliac artery?

Answer 7

from the lateral aspect of the external iliac opposite or nearly opposite the origin of inferior epigastric artery on the medial side
-and proceeds laterally deep to the inguinal ligament

Question 8

where does the obturator artery originate?

Answer 8

branch of internal iliac artery within the pelvic cavity

Question 9

which artery courses the ligament of teh head of the femur to supply the femoral head in children?

Answer 9

obturator artery

Question 10

what is the significance of the obturator artery in infants, children, and teens?

Answer 10

it supplies femoral head during ossification of the femur
(however, in adults, it is unimportant bc the chief artery to the femoral head in adults is supplied by medial femoral circumflex a.)

Question 11

which artery supplies the femoral head in adults?

Answer 11

medial femoral circumflex a. (specifically the acetabular br.)

Question 12

what is the origin of the deep external pudendal artery? (what muscles does it lie across?)

Answer 12

(from femoral a.)

proceeds medially across the pectineus and adductor longus muscles to supply the superficial perineal structures

Question 13

what does the deep external pudendal a. anastomose with?

Answer 13

internal pudendal a.

Question 14

what is the largest branch of the femoral a.?

Answer 14

profunda femoris a. (arises laterally from femoral a.)

Question 15

what branches does the profundus femoris a. give off in the thigh to supply the hip joint?

Answer 15

lateral femoral circumflex (ascending br.)

medial femoral circumflex

Question 16

describe the course of teh lateral femoral circumflex a.? (what muscles does it course below)

Answer 16

proceeds laterally from the profunda femoris under cover of the rectus femoris and the sartorius muscles

Question 17

the ascending branch of teh lateral femoral circumflex a. enters the fibrous capsule of the upper thigh as what to supply the hip joint?

Answer 17

as retinacular branches

anastomoses with medial circumflex femoral

Question 18

which artery in the hip joint gives rise to the retinacular branches to supply it?

Answer 18

ascending branch of lateral femoral circumflex a.

Question 19

describe the course of the medial femoral circumflex a.

Answer 19

arises from the medial aspect of the profunda femoris and travels medially to disappear btwn the pectineus and psoas major muscles
*it winds around the medial aspect of the neck fo teh femur to enter as retinacular branches to anastomose with lateral circumflex femoral a.

Question 20

where do the veins of the gluteal region drain into?

Answer 20

internal iliac vein

Question 21

the superior and inferior gluteal veins enter the pelvis above the piriformis muscle thru which foramen?

Answer 21

greater sciatic foramen

Question 22

what is the middle cluneal nerve from?

Answer 22

cutaneous branches from the dorsal rami of S1-S3 nerves

Question 23

where do the superior cluneal nerves come from?

Answer 23

cuntaneous branches from the upper 3 lumbar nerves (L3-L5)

Question 24

where do inferior cluneal nerves come from?

Answer 24

gluteal branches of posterior femoral cutaneous n. (from VENTRAL primary rami)