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Anatomy of the Leg > Osteology of the leg > Flashcards

Osteology of the leg Flashcards

1
Q

what is the superior surface of the tibia known as?

A

tibial plateau

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2
Q

what is the inferior surface of the tibia known as?

A

tibial plafond

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3
Q

which tibial condyle is larger?

A

medial condyle of the tibia

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4
Q

describe the divisions of the intercondylar area, the nonarticular region located between the two tibial condyles.

A

area is divided into an anterior intercondylar fossa, an intercondylar eminence, and a posterior intercondylar fossa

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5
Q

from anterior to posterior, what are the 3 structures attached to the anterior intercondylar fossa?

A
  1. anterior horn of medial meniscus
  2. anterior cruciate ligament
  3. anterior horn of lateral meniscus
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6
Q

from anterior to posterior, name the 3 structures that are attached to the posterior intercondylar fossa.

A
  1. posterior horn of lateral meniscus
  2. posterior horn of medial meniscus
  3. posterior cruciate ligament
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7
Q

the intercondylar eminence is a ridge located between the 2 intercondylar fossa. This eminence contains what 2 tubercles?

A

medial and lateral intercondylar tubercles

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8
Q

Where is the tibial tuberosity located?

A

triangular prominence of bone with its apex directed inferiorly at the proximal extremity of the tibia

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9
Q

what attaches to the tibial tuberosity?

A

patellar ligament (the continuation of the tendon of the quadriceps femoris)

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10
Q

where is the fibular facet located?

A

is an oval-shaped depression located at the posterolateral aspect of the lateral tibial condyle (proximal end of tibia)
*the fibula articulates with the tibia at this facet

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11
Q

What are the 3 borders of the tibial shaft?

A

ANTERIOR , medial and lateral

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12
Q

what are the 3 SURFACES of the tibial shaft?

A

POSTERIOR, medial and lateral

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13
Q

what structure is attached along the anterior border of the tibial shaft? and where does it extend to?

A

anterior border extends from the tibial tuberosity to the anterior border of the medial malleolus
*crural fascia (deep fascia of the leg) attaches here

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14
Q

Where does the medial border of the tibial shaft extend to? what 4 structures attach here?

A

extends from below the medial condyle to the posterior border of the medial malleolus
*4 structures attach here: MCL, popliteus, soleus, FDL

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15
Q

Where does the lateral border of the tibial shaft extend to? describe its course.

A

aka interosseous crest (bc interosseous mb attaches to this border)

  • superiorly, this border extends to the fibular facet
  • inferiorly, this border divides to form 2 ridges that form the anterior and posterior borders of teh fibular notch
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16
Q

where is teh fibular notch located?

A

the site of the distal (inferior) tibiofibular joint

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17
Q

what muscles cover the medial surface of the tibial shaft? name them from superiro to inferior.

A

-tendons of sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus

which unite to insert at the pes anserinus

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18
Q

what muscles attach to the pes anserinus?

A

sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus

*mnemonic- SGT “seargeant”

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19
Q

what muscle attaches to the lateral surface of the tibia?

A

tibialis anterior attaches to the upper 2/3 of the lateral surface of tibia

20
Q

where is the soleal line located? in what direction does it run?

A

oblique ridge extending superolateral to inferomedial along the superior portion of the POSTERIOR sruface of the tibial shaft

21
Q

what attaches to the soleal line of the tibia?

A

partial origin of soleus

22
Q

where is the vertical line located?

A

(posterior surface of tibia)extends inferiorly from the soleal line

23
Q

what muscles have attachments lateral to the vertical line? what muscles have attachments medial to the vertical line?

A

lateral - tibialis posterior

medial- FDL

24
Q

where is teh nutrient foramen located?

A

lies lateral to the vertical line on the tibia

25
Q

the distal portion of the anterior surface of the distal tibia has a transverse groove for the attachment of what?

A

capsule of the ankle joint

26
Q

When does the primary ossification center of the tibial shaft first appear? when does it fuse?

A

appears 7th week in utero

fuses during puberty

27
Q

when does the secondary ossification center of the proximal end of the tibia appear? when does it fuse?

A

appears at birth

fuses at 16-18 y/o

28
Q

when does the secondary ossification center of the distal end of the tibia appear? when does it fuse?

A

appears at 1 y/o

fuses at 15-17 y/o

29
Q

what is the apex or styloid process of the fibula?

A

the superior projection from the posteriolateral portion of the head

30
Q

what 2 structures attach to the styloid process of the fibula?

A
  1. tendon of biceps femoris

2. LCL of the knee joint

31
Q

what structures attach to the anterior aspect of the fibular head?

A
  1. peroneus longus
  2. extensor digitorum longus
  3. anterior ligament of the head of the fibula
32
Q

what structures attach to the posterior aspect of the fibular head?

A
  1. soleus

2. posterior ligament of the fibular head

33
Q

what nerve is commonly injured around the neck of the fibula?

A

common peroneal nerve

34
Q

the shaft of the fibula has four surfaces, name them.

A

anterior, medial, posterior, and lateral.

35
Q

what structures attach to the anterior surface of the fibular shaft?

A
  1. extensor hallucis longus
  2. extensor digitorum longus
  3. peroneus tertius
36
Q

what muscle takes a partial origin from the medial surface of the fibula?

A

tibialis posterior

37
Q

what muscles take origin from the lateral surface of teh fibula?

A

peroneus longus and peroneus brevis

38
Q

what muscles takes partial origin from the posterior surface of the fibula?

A

soleus- superiorly

flexor hallucis longus- inferiorly

39
Q

what structures attach to the lateral malleolar fossa?

A

posterior tibiofibular ligament- attaches to the fossa superiorly

posterior talofibular ligament- attaches to the fossa inferiorly

40
Q

when does the primary ossifciation center of the fibular shaft appear? when does it fuse?

A

appears week 8 in utero

fuses at puberty

41
Q

when does the secondary ossification center of the distal end of the fibular appear? when does it fuse?

A

appears year 1

fuses 15-17 y/o

42
Q

when does the secondary ossification center of the proximal end of the fibula appear? when does it fuse?

A

appears year 3-4
fuses 17-19 y/o
*this is atypical that the first secondary center to appear is the last to fuse

43
Q

the anterior surface of the distal extremity of the tibia is continuous with what surface?

A

lateral surface of the tibial shaft

44
Q

tendons of what two muscles groove the malleolar sulcus (which is a groove along the posterior border of the distal tibia)?

A

FHL

tibialis posterior

45
Q

what muscle arises from the posterior surface of the fibula?

A

FHL

Anatomy of the Leg (12 decks)

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