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Anatomy of the Leg > Leg > Flashcards

Leg Flashcards

1
Q

muscles of the posterior compartment are divided into superficial and deep groups. what is the most superficial muscle of the superficial group?

A

gastrocnemius

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2
Q

origin of gastrocnemius

A

medial head- from proximal and posterior part of femoral condyles
lateral head- from a depression on the lateral side of the lateral condyle

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3
Q

insertion of gastrocnemius

A

fibers of the 2 heads approach each other in the midline to join in a tendinous raphe which forms the aponeurosis of the muscle –> to attach to central part of posterior surface of calcaneus

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4
Q

nerve supply to gastroc

A

tibiali nerve

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5
Q

function of gastroc

A

plantar flexor of the ankle
supinator of intertarsal joints
flexes at the knee

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6
Q

what muscles form the triceps surae?

A

2 heads of gastrocnemius + soleus

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7
Q

origin of soleus

A

posterior surface of the head and body of the fibula, from the soleal line, middle third of tibia and from the tendinous arch btwn tibula and fibula

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8
Q

insertion of soleus

A

tendo calcaneus into the calcaneus

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9
Q

nerve supply to soleus

A

tibial nerve

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10
Q

function of soleus

A

plantarflexor of the ankle

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11
Q

plantaris muscle is absent in what % of cases?

A

plantaris

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12
Q

origin of plantaris

A

takes origin from the lateral supracondylar line of the femur and the oblique popliteal ligament

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13
Q

insertion of plantaris

A

medial side of the posterior surface of calcaneus

*on occasion it may join the tendo calcaneus

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14
Q

innervation of plantaris

A

tibial nerve

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15
Q

function of plantaris

A

plantar flexor at the ankle

flexor at the knee

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16
Q

origin of popliteus

A

groove on teh lateral condyle of femur
arcuate popliteal ligament
lateral meniscus

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17
Q

insertion of popliteus

A

proximal to the soleal line on the body of the tibia

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18
Q

nerve supply of popliteus

A

tibial nerve

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19
Q

functions of popliteus

A

flexor and rotator at the knee
unlocks the knee
*with weight on the limb, it rotates thigh laterally
*with NO weight, it rotates the leg medially

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20
Q

origin of FHL

A

arises from the distal 2/3 of posterior surface of the fibula, the IO mb, and the posterior IM septum

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21
Q

insertion of FHL

A

base of distal phalanx of 1st digit

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22
Q

innervation of FHL

A

tibial nerve

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23
Q

function of FHL

A

flexor of the IP joint of the first digit
plantarflexor of the ankle
supinator at the intertarsal joints

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24
Q

origin of FDL

A

posterior surface, medial to the vertical line, of the proximal 2/3 of the body of the tibia below the soleal line

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25
Q

insertion of FDL

A

divides into 4 tendons that are inserted into the bases fo the distal phalanges of digits 2-5

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26
Q

innervation of FDL

A

tibial nerve

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27
Q

function of FDL

A

flexes DIPJ
plantarflexes the ankle joint
supinates teh intertarsal joints

28
Q

origin of tibialis posterior

A

posterior surface of IO mb
posterior surface, lateral to the vertical line, of thetibia below the soleal line
upper 2/3 of the medial surface of fibula

29
Q

insertion of tibialis posterior

A

navicular tubersoity, 3 cuneiforms, cuboid, and bases of mets 2-4, sustentaculum tali

30
Q

innervation of tibialis posterior

A

tibial nerve

31
Q

function of tibialis posterior

A

supinator of intertarsal joints

plantar flexor at the ankle

32
Q

What is the longest branch of the femoral nerve?

A

saphenous nerve

33
Q

which structure in the adductor canal does NOT pass thru the adductor hiatus?

A

saphenous nerve- it leaves the canal by passing to the surface on the medial side of the knee

34
Q

describe the course of the saphenous nerve after it leaves the adductor canal?

A
  • passes btwn tendons of sartorius and gracilis muscles

- then runs with the great saphenous vein along the medial side of the leg

35
Q

in the proximal third of the leg, the saphenous nerve divides into 2 branches:

A
  • subsartorial nerve plexus

- infrapatellar branch, which provides cuaneous innervation to skin over patella

36
Q

what are the terminal branches of the tibial nerve?

A

divide into medial and lateral plantar nerves the the flexor retinaculum

37
Q

what makes up the sural nerve?

A

medial sural cutaneous nerve (from tibial n.) + lateral sural cutaneous nerve (from common peroneal n.)

38
Q

what nerves make up the sciatic nerve?

A

common peroneal n. + tibial n.

39
Q

what is the deep fascia of the leg continuous with?

A

fascia lata of the thing

40
Q

what is the deep fascia of the leg attached to?

A 
patella
patellar ligament
tibial tuberosity
condyles of the tibia
fibular head
41
Q

the deep leg of the fascia receives fibers from the tendons of which muscles?

A 
tendons of biceps femoris
sartorius
gracilits
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
42
Q

O/I of tibialis anterior

A

origin- lateral condyle of tibia; upper 2/3 of lateral surface of tibia; IO mb; deep crural fascia

insertion- medial plantar surface of medial cuneiform and to base of 1st met

43
Q

nerve supply of tibialis anterior

A

deep peroneal nerve

44
Q

functions of tibialis anterior

A

dorsiflexor and inverter at the ankle

also a supinator at intertarsal joints

45
Q

what relationship does extensor hallucis longus have to the tibialis anterior?

A

lies just lateral to the tibialis anterior

46
Q

what structures lie in between extensor hallucis longus and tibialis anterior?

A

anterior tibial artery (& vein)

deep peroneal nerve

47
Q

O/I of extensor hallucis longus

A

origin: middle 2/3 of anterior surface of fibula; accessory origin from IO mb
insertion: base of distal phalanx of 1st digit

48
Q

innervation of extensor hallucis longus

A

deep peroneal nerve

49
Q

function of extensor hallucis longus

A

extension at 1st MPJ
dorsiflexion of ankle joint
supination at the intertarsal joints

50
Q

what is the extensor hallucis capsularis? (origin/insertion?)

A

is an accessory muscle which arises as an extension of the Extensor hallucis longus tendon (origin)
*inserts on the medial surface of the capsule of the 1st MPJ

51
Q

function of extensor hallucis capsularis

A

lift the capsule out of the joint to prevent entrapment of the capsule

52
Q

O/I of extensor digitorum longus

A

O- lateral condyle of tibia; head and upper 3/4 of the anterior surface of the fibula; IO mb; deep fascia and from the anterior IM septum between it and peroneus longus

I-extensor expansion of the 2nd-4th digits

53
Q

function of extensor digitorum longus

A

extension of MPJ of the lateral 4 digits
dorsiflexes and everts the ankle
pronation of intertarsal joints

54
Q

O/I of peroneus tertius

A

O- lower 1/3 of anterior surface of the fibula

I-base of 5th met

55
Q

function of peroneus tertius

A

dorsiflexor and evertor of the ankles

pronator of intertarsal joints

56
Q

what is the blood supply and innervation to the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

anterior tibial artery

deep peroneal nerve

57
Q

Name the muscles that lie in the anterior compartment of the leg.

A
  1. tibialis anterior
  2. extensor digitorum longus
  3. extensor hallucis longus
  4. peroneus tertius
  5. (extensor hallucis capsularis)
58
Q

Name the muscles that lie in the lateral compartment of the leg.

A

peroneus longus

peroneus brevis

59
Q

O/I of peroneus longus

A

origin- head and upper 2/3 of the body, lateral surface of the fibula; lateral tibial condye; crural fascia and both IM septum

insertion- lateral side of the base of the 1st met and the lateral side of the medial cuneiform

60
Q

function of peroneus longus

A

plantar flexion and eversion at the ankle

pronates the intertarsal joints

61
Q

innervation of peroneus longus

A

superficial fibular nerve

62
Q

what is the relationship of the lateral compartment msucles in the leg?

A

peroneus longus is superficial to the peroneus brevis

63
Q

O/I of peroneus brevis

A

Origin- lower 2/3 of the body, lateral surface of the fibula, crural fascia and both IM septa

insertion- tuberosity of the 5th met

64
Q

function of peroneus brevis

A

plantar flexor and evertor at the ankle

pronates the intertarsal joints

65
Q

what is the innervation and blood supply to lateral compartment?

A

superficial peroneal nerve

peroneal artery

66
Q

Name the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg.

A
  1. gastrocnemius- superficial group
  2. soleus - superficial group
  3. plantaris- superficial group
  4. popliteus- deep group
  5. flexor hallucis longus- deep group
  6. flexor digitorum longus- deep group
  7. tibialis posterior- deep group
67
Q

what is the blood supply and innervation to the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

posterior tibial artery

tibial nerve

Anatomy of the Leg (12 decks)

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