Osteology of the Thigh and Patella Flashcards
the patella is a sesamoid bone that forms within the tendon of what muscle?
quadriceps femoris
where is the intertrochanteric line found? vs. the intertrochanteric crest?
intertrochanteric line is found on the anterior surface of the femoral neck and lies btwn the greater and lesser trochanters
intertrochanteric CREST is found on the posterior surface of the femoral neck and extends btwn the greater and lesser trochanters
the intertrochanteric line is continuous inferiorly with what?
the spiral line
what is the femoral angle of inclination formed by?
neck of the femur joints the shaft at an angle known as femoral angle of inclination
what is the femoral angle of inclination in adult males? adult females?
adult males- 125 deg
adult females- 105 deg
*angle is greatest at time of birth though
what is the usual angle of declination?
12-14 deg
what shape is the greater trochanter of the femur?
irregular quadrilateral shaped prominence located at the lateral end of the superior border of the femoral neck
what muscle inserts along an oblique bony ridge along the lateral surface of the greater trochanter?
gluteus medius
trochanteric bursae overlie each of the areas formed by the oblique ridge that divides the lateral surface of the greater trochanter into 2 triangular areas- which muscle belongs to which bursae?
a bursa for the tendon of gluteus medius overlies the upper triangular area
a bursa for the gluteus maximus overlies the lower triangular region
where is the trochanteric fossa found? and what inserts here?
(medial surface of the greater trochanter)
*tendon of obturator externus inserts here
what muscle inserts anterior to the trochanteric fossa?
tendon of obturator INTERNUS
what muscles insert onto the tendon of the obturator internus?
superior and inferior gemelli
what muscle inserts on the superior border of the greater trochanter?
piriformis
what muscle inserts on the anterior border of teh greater trochanter?
gluteus MINIMUS
what muscle is the only structure attached to the lesser trochanter?
iliopsoas
specifically though, what muscle attaches to the apex of the lesser trochanter?
psoas major
where does the iliacus insert?
at the base of the lesser trochanter btwn the spiral and pectineal lines
what 3 structures have attachment to the intertrochanteric line?
- vastus lateralis (partial origin)
- vastus medialis (partial origin)
- iliofemoral ligament (part of fibrous capsule of hip)
where is teh quadrate tubercle located? and what muscle attaches here?
- quadratus femoris attaches here
* quadrate tubercle is lcoated about midway along the intertrochanteric crest
where is the linea aspera located?
crest along the posterior border of the middle 1/3 of femur
*the crest has 2 lips: medial and lateral, with a rough intermediate area
superiorly, 3 lines unite to join the linea aspea. what are they?
- medial line= spiral line
- intermediate line= pectineal line
- lateral line = extends from greater trochanter to the lateral lip of the linea aspera
what line becomes the medial lip of the linea aspera distally?
spiral line (is the medial line that unites with the others to form the linea aspera) as well as the pectineal line (intermediate line)
what muscle inserts along the pectineal line?
pectineus muscle
which line becomes the lateral lip of the linea aspera?
the lateral line that forms the linea aspera (that extends from greater trochanter to the lateral lip of the linea aspera)
where is the gluteal tuberosity located? what attaches here?
located along the lateral line that joints to form the linea aspera
*gluteus maximus inserts here partially (also into IT band)
what muscle takes partial origin along the medial lip of the linea aspera?
vastus medialis
what muscle takes partial origin from the lateral lip of the linea aspera?
vastus lateralis
what muscle has an extensive insertion along the linea aspera?
adductor magnus
inferiorly, the lateral and medial lip of the linea aspera diverge as what?
lateral and medial supracondylar lines (ridges)
where does the lateral supracondylar ridge extend to?
lateral epicondyle
the medial supracondylar ridge extends to what?
adductor tubercle
the popliteal surface of the femur is bound by which features?
the medial and lateral supracondylar lines
helps form a triangular area
what muscle attaches to adductor tubercle?
adductor magnus (partially)
what muscle arises from the upper 2/3s of the anterior femoral surface?
vastus intermedius
what muscle arises distally on the anterior femoral surface?
articularis genu
which meniscus is completely separated from the patellar surface of the femoral condyle from the tibial surface?
lateral meniscus
the femoral condyles are separated from each other posteriorly by what?
intercondylar fossa
where are the medial and lateral epicondyles located?
lie above their respective condyles
the medial epicondyle lies just below what?
adductor tubercle
the lower portion of teh lateral epicondyle has 2 grooves for which muscle?
popliteal tendon
where is the popliteal tendon lcoated when the knee is flexed?when extended?
when flexed –> oblique groove (posterior)
when extended –> vertical groove (anterior)
where is the nutrient canal found in the femur? in which direction is it oriented?
nutrient canal is located posteriorly along the upper end of the linea aspera
*it is directed obliquely upward; away from the growing end of the bone during development
the femur ossifies from a total of how many ossification centers?
5 (one primary center in the shaft and 4 secondary centers)
the femur is the second earliest bone to ossify. only what other bone begins to ossify earlier?
clavicle
what method does the femur ossify by?
enchondral ossification
which part of the femur is the first to ossify? name the ossification centers in decreasing order in which they ossify.
- shaft (primary center)
- distal extremity
- head
- greater trochanter
- lesser trochanter
when does the primary ossification center of the femoral shaft appear?
7th fetal week- puberty
when does the secondary ossification center in the distal extremity of the femur appear? when does it fuse?
near birth- 16 to 18 y/o
when does the secondary ossification center in the head of the femur appear? when does it fuse?
6 months to 17 y/o
when does the secondary ossification center in the greater trochanter of the femur appear? when does it fuse?
4 years to 16 y/o
when does the secondary ossification center in the lesser trochanter of the femur appear? when does it fuse?
12-14 y/o to 15 y/o
what shape is the patella?
triangular shaped with the apex directed inferiorly
the 4 muscles of the quadriceps group attach along the borders of the patella. which muscles attach to the superior border of teh patella?
rectus femoris
vastus intermedius
the 4 muscles of the quadriceps group attach along the borders of the patella. which muscles attach to the medial border of teh patella?
vastus medialis
the 4 muscles of the quadriceps group attach along the borders of the patella. which muscles attach to the lateral border of teh patella?
vastus lateralis
it is also attached to the lateral portion of the superior border
the posterior surface of the patella has a vertical ridge which separates the two patellar facets. which is larger?
lateral patellar facet is larger, deeper, and more concave
