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Anatomy of the Leg > Osteology of the Thigh and Patella > Flashcards

Osteology of the Thigh and Patella Flashcards

1
Q

the patella is a sesamoid bone that forms within the tendon of what muscle?

A

quadriceps femoris

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2
Q

where is the intertrochanteric line found? vs. the intertrochanteric crest?

A

intertrochanteric line is found on the anterior surface of the femoral neck and lies btwn the greater and lesser trochanters

intertrochanteric CREST is found on the posterior surface of the femoral neck and extends btwn the greater and lesser trochanters

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3
Q

the intertrochanteric line is continuous inferiorly with what?

A

the spiral line

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4
Q

what is the femoral angle of inclination formed by?

A

neck of the femur joints the shaft at an angle known as femoral angle of inclination

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5
Q

what is the femoral angle of inclination in adult males? adult females?

A

adult males- 125 deg
adult females- 105 deg
*angle is greatest at time of birth though

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6
Q

what is the usual angle of declination?

A

12-14 deg

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7
Q

what shape is the greater trochanter of the femur?

A

irregular quadrilateral shaped prominence located at the lateral end of the superior border of the femoral neck

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8
Q

what muscle inserts along an oblique bony ridge along the lateral surface of the greater trochanter?

A

gluteus medius

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9
Q

trochanteric bursae overlie each of the areas formed by the oblique ridge that divides the lateral surface of the greater trochanter into 2 triangular areas- which muscle belongs to which bursae?

A

a bursa for the tendon of gluteus medius overlies the upper triangular area
a bursa for the gluteus maximus overlies the lower triangular region

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10
Q

where is the trochanteric fossa found? and what inserts here?

A

(medial surface of the greater trochanter)

*tendon of obturator externus inserts here

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11
Q

what muscle inserts anterior to the trochanteric fossa?

A

tendon of obturator INTERNUS

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12
Q

what muscles insert onto the tendon of the obturator internus?

A

superior and inferior gemelli

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13
Q

what muscle inserts on the superior border of the greater trochanter?

A

piriformis

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14
Q

what muscle inserts on the anterior border of teh greater trochanter?

A

gluteus MINIMUS

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15
Q

what muscle is the only structure attached to the lesser trochanter?

A

iliopsoas

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16
Q

specifically though, what muscle attaches to the apex of the lesser trochanter?

A

psoas major

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17
Q

where does the iliacus insert?

A

at the base of the lesser trochanter btwn the spiral and pectineal lines

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18
Q

what 3 structures have attachment to the intertrochanteric line?

A
  1. vastus lateralis (partial origin)
  2. vastus medialis (partial origin)
  3. iliofemoral ligament (part of fibrous capsule of hip)
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19
Q

where is teh quadrate tubercle located? and what muscle attaches here?

A
  • quadratus femoris attaches here

* quadrate tubercle is lcoated about midway along the intertrochanteric crest

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20
Q

where is the linea aspera located?

A

crest along the posterior border of the middle 1/3 of femur

*the crest has 2 lips: medial and lateral, with a rough intermediate area

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21
Q

superiorly, 3 lines unite to join the linea aspea. what are they?

A
  1. medial line= spiral line
  2. intermediate line= pectineal line
  3. lateral line = extends from greater trochanter to the lateral lip of the linea aspera
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22
Q

what line becomes the medial lip of the linea aspera distally?

A 
spiral line (is the medial line that unites with the others to form the linea aspera) 
as well as the pectineal line (intermediate line)
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23
Q

what muscle inserts along the pectineal line?

A

pectineus muscle

24
Q

which line becomes the lateral lip of the linea aspera?

A

the lateral line that forms the linea aspera (that extends from greater trochanter to the lateral lip of the linea aspera)

25
Q

where is the gluteal tuberosity located? what attaches here?

A

located along the lateral line that joints to form the linea aspera
*gluteus maximus inserts here partially (also into IT band)

26
Q

what muscle takes partial origin along the medial lip of the linea aspera?

A

vastus medialis

27
Q

what muscle takes partial origin from the lateral lip of the linea aspera?

A

vastus lateralis

28
Q

what muscle has an extensive insertion along the linea aspera?

A

adductor magnus

29
Q

inferiorly, the lateral and medial lip of the linea aspera diverge as what?

A

lateral and medial supracondylar lines (ridges)

30
Q

where does the lateral supracondylar ridge extend to?

A

lateral epicondyle

31
Q

the medial supracondylar ridge extends to what?

A

adductor tubercle

32
Q

the popliteal surface of the femur is bound by which features?

A

the medial and lateral supracondylar lines

helps form a triangular area

33
Q

what muscle attaches to adductor tubercle?

A

adductor magnus (partially)

34
Q

what muscle arises from the upper 2/3s of the anterior femoral surface?

A

vastus intermedius

35
Q

what muscle arises distally on the anterior femoral surface?

A

articularis genu

36
Q

which meniscus is completely separated from the patellar surface of the femoral condyle from the tibial surface?

A

lateral meniscus

37
Q

the femoral condyles are separated from each other posteriorly by what?

A

intercondylar fossa

38
Q

where are the medial and lateral epicondyles located?

A

lie above their respective condyles

39
Q

the medial epicondyle lies just below what?

A

adductor tubercle

40
Q

the lower portion of teh lateral epicondyle has 2 grooves for which muscle?

A

popliteal tendon

41
Q

where is the popliteal tendon lcoated when the knee is flexed?when extended?

A

when flexed –> oblique groove (posterior)

when extended –> vertical groove (anterior)

42
Q

where is the nutrient canal found in the femur? in which direction is it oriented?

A

nutrient canal is located posteriorly along the upper end of the linea aspera
*it is directed obliquely upward; away from the growing end of the bone during development

43
Q

the femur ossifies from a total of how many ossification centers?

A

5 (one primary center in the shaft and 4 secondary centers)

44
Q

the femur is the second earliest bone to ossify. only what other bone begins to ossify earlier?

A

clavicle

45
Q

what method does the femur ossify by?

A

enchondral ossification

46
Q

which part of the femur is the first to ossify? name the ossification centers in decreasing order in which they ossify.

A
  1. shaft (primary center)
  2. distal extremity
  3. head
  4. greater trochanter
  5. lesser trochanter
47
Q

when does the primary ossification center of the femoral shaft appear?

A

7th fetal week- puberty

48
Q

when does the secondary ossification center in the distal extremity of the femur appear? when does it fuse?

A

near birth- 16 to 18 y/o

49
Q

when does the secondary ossification center in the head of the femur appear? when does it fuse?

A

6 months to 17 y/o

50
Q

when does the secondary ossification center in the greater trochanter of the femur appear? when does it fuse?

A

4 years to 16 y/o

51
Q

when does the secondary ossification center in the lesser trochanter of the femur appear? when does it fuse?

A

12-14 y/o to 15 y/o

52
Q

what shape is the patella?

A

triangular shaped with the apex directed inferiorly

53
Q

the 4 muscles of the quadriceps group attach along the borders of the patella. which muscles attach to the superior border of teh patella?

A

rectus femoris

vastus intermedius

54
Q

the 4 muscles of the quadriceps group attach along the borders of the patella. which muscles attach to the medial border of teh patella?

A

vastus medialis

55
Q

the 4 muscles of the quadriceps group attach along the borders of the patella. which muscles attach to the lateral border of teh patella?

A

vastus lateralis

it is also attached to the lateral portion of the superior border

56
Q

the posterior surface of the patella has a vertical ridge which separates the two patellar facets. which is larger?

A

lateral patellar facet is larger, deeper, and more concave

Anatomy of the Leg (12 decks)

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