Vasculature

Question 1

What are the vessel wall layers?

Answer 1

innermost-tunica intima
middle- tunica media
outermost- tunica externa

Question 2

what is the function of the tunica intima?

Answer 2

it facilitates smooth blood flow and plays a role in vessel permeability

Question 3

What is the function of the tunica media?

Answer 3

allows for vasoconstriction and vasodilation

Question 4

What is the function of tunica externa?

Answer 4

consists of areolar CT with collagen and elastic fibers which anchor the vessel to surrounding organs

Question 5

Which vessel has thicker tunica media?

Answer 5

arteries

Question 6

Which vessel has thicker tunica externa?

Answer 6

veins

Question 7

What are elastic arteries?

Answer 7

they are nearest to the heart and responsible for conducting the blood from the heart to the smaller artery branches.

Question 8

Name the major elastic arteries

Answer 8

aorta, pulmonary trunk, common carotid, and common iliac arteries

Question 9

What are muscular arteries?

Answer 9

distributing arteries, medium sized blood vessels that distribute blood to organs and tissues throughout the body. These vessels have more muscle fibers than other arteries

Question 10

Name a few muscular arteries

Answer 10

radial, brachial, and femoral arteries

Question 11

What are arterioles?

Answer 11

the smallest arteries. They branch off from arteries and lead to capillaries. They are vital in regulating blood flow and pressure.

Question 12

What are capillaries?

Answer 12

The smallest vessels. They connect arterioles to venues. The exchange vessels that are responsible for delivering nutrients to and removing wastes from the tissues

Question 13

What are continuous capillaries?

Answer 13

They have no breaks or spaces between cells, they are connected by tight junctions. The most common type of capillary in the body and serve most organs including muscles, skin, and lungs

Question 14

What are fenestrated capillaries?

Answer 14

Tiny blood vessels with small pores that allow substances to move in and out of the capillaries. Found in kindeys, small intestines, and pancreas

Question 15

What are sinusoidal capillaries?

Answer 15

Also known as discontinuous capillaries. They regulate bp and perfusion in the liver. Found in liver, spleen, bone marrow and lymph nodes.

Question 16

What are venules?

Answer 16

The smallest veins, they receive blood from thoroughfare channels and capillary beds. Venules merge, forming veins

Question 17

What are veins?

Answer 17

blood vessels that conduct blood toward the heart

Question 18

What are anastomoses?

Answer 18

blood vessels that bypass the capillary beds and where two or more arteries converge to supply the same area

Question 19

Which type of blood vessels have valves to keep deoxygenated blood flowing in the correct direction?

Answer 19

veins

Question 20

Which type of blood vessels have the smallest diameter?

Answer 20

capillaries

Question 21

Which type of blood vessels have the thickest walls?

Answer 21

Elastic arteries

Question 22

Which type of blood vessels have the thinnest walls?

Answer 22

capillaries

Question 23

Which type of blood vessels has the highest pressure?

Answer 23

arteries have the highest pressure because they carry blood away from the heart, which pumps it forcefully

Question 24

Why do you draw blood from the vein?

Answer 24

because they have much lower pressure, making it safer

Question 25

What type of blood travels through arteries?

Answer 25

arteries carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart to the body’s tissues

Question 26

What type of blood travels through veins?

Answer 26

veins carry oxygen poor and carbon dioxide rich blood towards the heart

Question 27

What type of blood travels through capillaries?

Answer 27

capillaries carry both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

Question 28

What is the direction of blood flow through arteries?

Answer 28

away from the heart

Question 29

What is the direction of blood through veins?

Answer 29

Towards the heart

Question 30

What is the direction of blood through capillaries?

Answer 30

arterioles to capillaries to venules

Question 31

after blood flows out of an artery, which vessel type comes next until you are back to the heart?

Answer 31

arteries–>arterioles–> capillaries–> venules–> veins –> heart

Question 32

What is capillary exchange?

Answer 32

the process where substances are transferred between the blood and tissues

Question 33

What are the different ways fluids move across capillary walls?

Answer 33

filtration, reabsorption, hydrostatic pressure, osmotic pressure, net filtration pressure

Question 34

Define filtration

Answer 34

Movement of fluid in capillaries (arterial end)

Question 35

Define reabsorption

Answer 35

The movement of material from the interstitial fluid into the capillaries (venous end)

Question 36

Define hydrostatic pressure

Answer 36

pushes fluid out of capillaries

Question 37

What is osmotic pressure?

Answer 37

Pulls fluid back into the capillaries

Question 38

Define hemodynamics

Answer 38

The forces and factors that drive blood circulation and direct how blood is circulated throughout your body

Question 39

What is blood pressure?

Answer 39

The force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels. Controlled by cardiac output, blood volume, and resistance

Question 40

What is vascular resistance?

Answer 40

The opposition to blood flow. It increases with vessel lenght and decreases with vessel diameter

Question 41

Describe how venous return works

Answer 41

The amount of blood returning to the heart via veins. Influenced by pressure differences between the veins and the right atrium

Question 42

What are the common pulse points?

Answer 42

Temporal artery, facial artery, common carotid artery, brachial artery, radial artery, femoral artery, popliteal artery, posterior tibial artery, dorsalis pedis artery

Question 43

What are the factors that control blood pressure?

Answer 43

Cardiac output
blood volume
vascular resistance
vessel elasticity
hormones
neural control

Question 44

How do you measure blood pressure?

Answer 44

Wrap BP cuff around upper arm
Inflate to about 30mmHg above expected systolic pressure
Place stethoscope on inner elbow
Slowly deflate cuff whil listening to sounds
First sound is systolic pressure
Sound disapears is diastolic pressure

Question 45

What is the hepatic portal system?

Answer 45

specialized circulatory pathway that carries blood from digestive organs to the liver for processing before being sent to the systemic circulation.
Returns blood from the digestive organs to the liver for nutrients to be processed and harmful agents removed before the blood returns to the heart.