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A&P 142 > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of blood?

A

Transportation, regulation and defense

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2
Q

What is the blood volume of a person who weighs around 150lbs?

A

Approx. 5L

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3
Q

What are the formed elements in blood?

A

Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets

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4
Q

What is plasma?

A

Mostly water, proteins and other solutes: nutrients, electrolytes, gases and wastes

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5
Q

What is hemopoiesis?

A

The production of the formed elements of blood, it occurs in the red marrow

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6
Q

What are erythrocytes?

A

red blood cells

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7
Q

what is the function of erythrocytes?

A

transportation of gasses (oxygen and carbon dioxide) throughout the body’s blood vessels

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8
Q

how long do erythrocytes last in the body?

A

about 120 days

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9
Q

what hormone stimulates the production of erythrocytes?

A

the peptide hormone erythropoietin (EPO)

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10
Q

What structure releases the hormone EPO?

A

The kidneys

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11
Q

describe red blood cell recycling

A

-old or damaged RBC are phagocytized by macrophages
-globin portion is metabolized into amino acids, used for protein synthesis
-The heme portion is broken down into biliverdin for transport in the blood.
-Unused heme groups can be recycled and used in hemopoiesis, or converted into bilirubin and used to make bile in the liver

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12
Q

What are leukocytes?

A

white blood cells

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13
Q

what is the function of leukocytes?

A

mostly to fight infection

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14
Q

what are the 2 major groups of leukocytes?

A

granular and agranular

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15
Q

What are granular leukocytes?

A

white blood cells that have granules or small particles with enzymes that are released during infections, allergic reactions and asthma

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16
Q

name the granular leukocytes

A

neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils

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17
Q

What is the neutrophils function?

A

the first responders, extremely aggressive at phagocytizing bacteria and damaged tissue.
Release chemicals that affect local inflammation and attract other leukocytes to the area

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18
Q

What is the eosinophils function?

A

phagocytic cells, effective with antigen-antibody complexes. Release antihistamines. Increase in numbers for allergies and parasitic infections

19
Q

What is the basophils function?

A

release vesicles of histamine and heparin which promotes inflammation

20
Q

What are agranular leukocytes?

A

White blood cells that have smaller, less visible granules in their cytoplasm

21
Q

Name the agranular leukocytes

A

monocytes
lymphocytes

22
Q

What is the monocytes function?

A

Very effective phagocytic cells engulfing pathogens or worn out cells.
Antigen presenting cells for components of the immune system

23
Q

What are lymphocytes function?

A

T cells- recognizes foreign molecules. Directly attack other cells
B cells- stimulated to proliferate and produce antibodies that can bind and attack foreign pathogens
NK cells- immune surveillance, recognize surface markers and detect abnormal or infected cells.

24
Q

What is diapedesis?

A

The passage of blood cells through the intact walls of the capillaries, typically accompanies inflammation

25
Q

What are megakaryocytes?

A

Very large cells located in the bone marrow, they shed fragments of themselves which become platelets

26
Q

What is the function of the megakaryocyte?

A

to produce thrombocytes (platelets)

27
Q

What is hemostasis?

A

physiological process which stops bleeding

28
Q

What are the 3 steps in hemostasis?

A
  1. vascular spasm
  2. formation of platelet plug
  3. coagulation
29
Q

What does fibrinogen contribute to hemostasis?

A

It converts into fibrin, which forms a meshwork that traps formed elements of the blood in clot formation

30
Q

What does prothrombin contribute to hemostasis?

A

It converts into thrombin, an enzyme essential for the final steps in the formation of a fibrin clot

31
Q

What determines a person’s blood type?

A

Which surface antigens are present

32
Q

What blood type is the universal donor?

A

O- because there are no antigens on the surface of the cell for antibodies to bind to

33
Q

What blood type i

A
34
Q

What blood type is the universal recipient?

A

AB+ because they have both A and B antigens and Rh antigens on the cell’s surface, therefore they do not produce anti-A, anti-B or anti-Rh antibodies

35
Q

What blood can A+ donate to and receive from?

A

donate: A+, AB+
receive: A+, A-, AB+, AB-

36
Q

What blood can A- donate to and receive from?

A

Donate:A-, A+, AB-, AB+
Receive: A-, O-

37
Q

What blood can B+ donate and receive?

A

Donate: B+, AB+
Receive: B+, B-, O+, O-

38
Q

What blood can B-donate and receive?

A

Donate: B-, B+, AB-, AB+
Receive: B-, O-

39
Q

What blood can AB+ donate and receive?

A

Donate: AB+
Receive: ALL

40
Q

What blood can AB- donate and receive?

A

Donate: AB+, AB-
Receive: AB-, A-, B-, O-

41
Q

What blood can O+ donate and receive?

A

Donate: O+, A+, B+, AB+
Receive: O+,O-

42
Q

What blood can O- donate and receive?

A

Donate: All
Receive: O-

43
Q

What is the Rh factor and where is it found?

A

Special antigens found on the blood cell

A&P 142 (10 decks)

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