Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
What is the ANS responsible for the regulation of?
involuntary movements
The 2 divisions of the ANS are
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
Which division of the ANS is responsible for the “fight or flight” response?
sympathetic
The neurotransmitter released by sympathetic postganglionic neurons is
norepinephrine
What are examples of a target organ of the sympathetic division?
blood vessels, heart, adrenal glands
The neurotransmitter released by parasympathetic postganglionic neurons is
ACh
The parasympathetic division of the ANS is responsible for
constriction of pupils
increased gi motility
decreased heart rate
increased saliva
Which are some functions of the ANS?
Regulation of heart rate
control of digestion
regulation of bp
The autonomic ganglia are located
outside the CNS
The sympathetic division of the ANS is responsible for
dilation of bronchioles
dilation of pupils
decreased salivation
constriction of certain blood vessels
the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is dominant during
relaxation and digestion
The sympathetic chain ganglia are located
near the spinal cord
What are some characteristics of the parasympathetic division?
decreased heart rate
constriction of pupils
increased salivation
The adrenal medulla is an example of a
sympathetic ganglion
The ANS is primarily regulated by the
brainstem
The preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division originate from the
lumbar and thoracic spinal cord
What are the functions of the sympathetic division?
dilation of bronchioles
The sympathetic division is activated in response to
stress and emergencies
The ANS regulates
involuntary movements
The parasympathetic division is associated with
relaxation and conservation of energy
The neurotransmitter released by sympathetic preganglionic neurons is
ACh
Define Receptor
a cell or group of cells that receive information from a stimulus
Define Effector
an organ, muscle or gland that responds to the control of an autonomic or somatic or endocrine signal
Parasympathetic nervous system
PNS
Rest and digest, sometimes referred to as the craniosacral division of ANS because of the pregnaglionic neurons
Sympathetic nervous system
SNS
Fight or flight response
define preganglionic
neurons that originate in the brainstem or spinal cord
define postganglionic
neurons that are distal to the ganglion
Where do sympathetic preganglion originate?
thoracolumbar region of spinal cord T1–L2/L3
Where do sympathetic postganglion neurons originate?
sympathetic ganglia, near spinal cord
What do sympathetic pre ganglion release and target?
release ACh targeting nicotinic ACh receptors on post ganglionic neurons
What do sympathetic post ganglion release and target?
release norepinephrine targeting adrenergic receptor (alpha and beta) on target cells
Where do parasympathetic pre ganglion neurons originate?
in brainstem and sacral region (craniosacral) of spinal cord S2-24
Where do parasympathetic post ganglion originate?
in ganglia near or inside target organs (terminal ganglia)
What do parasympathetic pre ganglion release and target?
release ACh targeting nicotinic ACh receptors on postganglionic neurons
what do parasympathetic post ganglion release and target?
release ACh targeting muscarinic ACh receptors on target cells
What activates nicotinic receptors?
ACh
What activates muscarinic receptors?
ACh
What activates adrenergic receptors?
norepinephrine
Components of reflex arc
receptor
sensory afferent neuron
integration center in CNS
motor efferent neuron
effector
Are autonomic nervous system ganglia inside or outside of the CNS
outside
