Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology > Vascular System > Flashcards

Vascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 examples of portal systems we discussed in class?

A

Hepatic Portal

Kidney

Hypothalamic-hypophyseal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hepatic Portal System:

  • liver receives [] blood from the hepatic artery and partially [] blood from teh hepatic portal vein
  • Blood from both sources is mixed inthe liver before eiting via the [] vein
A
  • liver receives oxygenated blood from the hepatic artery and partially deoxygenated blood from the hepatic portal vein
  • Blood from both sources is mixed in the liver before exiting via the hepatic vein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Kidney Portal System:

  1. Blood from the [] arteriole in the kidney enters the [], a capillary bed where blood is filtered. Blood exits the glomerulus through the [] arteriole to supply the [] bed of the kidney.
A
  1. Blood from the afferent arteriole in the kidney enters the glomerulus, a capillary bed where blood is filtered. Blood exits the glomerulus through the efferent arteriole to supply the microvascular bed of the kidney.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 general layers of the vascular wall and what type of tissue is usually found in each layer?

A
  • Tunica Intima - epithelium
  • Tunica Media - muscle
  • Tunica Adventitia - connective tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T/F

If a blood vessel is large enough, nerves and even other blood vessels can be found in the tunica media to support the larger vessel.

A

FALSE

You would find this supporting nerves/vessels in the Tunica Adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tunica Intima:

  1. [] layer consisting of…
    1. [] - simple squamos epithelium lining blood vessels
    2. [] lamina
    3. Subendothelium - [] [] tissue (sometimes containing [] [])
  2. The subendothelium layer in arteries and arterioles has an internal [] membrane that seperates the tunica intima from the [] []
A
  1. innermost layer consisting of…
    1. endothelium - simple squamos epithelium lining blood vessels
    2. basal lamina
    3. Subendothelium - loose connective tissue (sometimes containing smooth muscle)
  2. The subendothelium layer in arteries and arterioles has an internal elastic membrane that seperates the tunica intima from the tunica media
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tunica Media:

  1. middle layer of circumferentially arranged [] [] cells. with variable amounts of [], [] fibers, and [] .
  2. All extracellular components are produced by the [] [] []
  3. In some arteries an [] elastic [] is present which separates teh tunica media from the [] []
A
  1. middle layer of circumferentially arranged smooth muscle cells. with variable amounts of elastin, reticular fibers, and proteoglycans.
  2. All extracellular components are produced by the smooth muscle cells
  3. In some arteries an external elast membrane is present which separates the tunica media from the tunica adventitia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tunica Adventitia:

  1. [] connective tissue layer
  2. Relatively [] in most vessels of the arterial system
  3. Relatively [] in most vessels of the vein and venule system
  4. In large arteries and veins, it contains the [] [] and [] [] (think about “support”)
A
  1. outermost connective tissue layer
  2. Relatively thin in most vessels of the arterial system
  3. Relatively thick in most vessels of the vein and venule system
  4. In large arteries and veins, it contains the vaso vasorum and nervi vascularis (think about “support”)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T/F

Capillaries posses endothelium and elastic tissue?

A

FALSE

Capillaries only have endothelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T/F

Arteries and Veins posses endothelium, elastic tissue, smooth muscle, and fibrous tissue?

A

True!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

T/F

Venules contain more smooth muscle than arterioles?

A

FALSE

  1. Venules wouldnt’ have more SM just cuz that wouldnt make sense
  2. ALSO - venules have NO smooth muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Endothelium Cells:

  1. simple [] epithelium lining [] blood vessels
  2. Connected by [] junctions
  3. Endothelial activation is also responsible for the pathgenesis of many vascular disease such as [] and []
A
  1. simple squamos epithelium lining all blood vessels
  2. Connected by tight junctions
  3. Endothelial activation is also responsible for the pathgenesis of many vascular disease such as thrombosis and atherosclerosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

All vessels have a [] lamina.

A

Basal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of junctions holds endothelial cells together? [] Occluden

  1. To increase permeability through these junctions what protein would be expressed more?
  2. To decrease permeability through these junctions, what protein would be expressed more?
A

Zonula Occluden

  1. Claudins
  2. Occludens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Functions of endothelial Cells:

  1. Maintenance of a [] [] barrier
  2. Maintenance of a [] barrier
  3. Modulation of blood [] and [] resistance
  4. Regulation and [] of immune responses
  5. [] synthesis
  6. Other [] activities
  7. Modification of [] by oxidation
A
  1. Maintenance of a selectively permeable barrier
  2. Maintenance of a nonthrombogenic barrier
  3. Modulation of blood flow and vascular resistance
  4. Regulation and modulation of immune responses
  5. Hormonal synthesis
  6. Other metabolic activities
  7. Modification of lipoproteins by oxidation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Endothelial cells maintain a selectively permeable barrier through simple [], [] transport, and [] - [] endocytosis

A

Endothelial cells maintain a selectively permeable barrier through simple diffusion, active transport, and receptor-mediated endocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Endothelial cells use active transport in 2 ways…

  • transcellular transport via [] vesicles (clathrin-[] endocytosis)
  • Through [] transport through the zonula []
A
  • transcellular transport via pinocytotic vesicles (clathrin-independent endocytosis)
  • Through paracellular transport through the zonula occludens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Endothelial cells maintain the nonthrombogenic barrier by produceing [] and [] agents.

A

anticoagulants and antithrombotic agents.

19
Q

Endothelial Cells can control blood flow and vascular resistance by producing:

  1. Vasodilaters - [], Prostacyclin, and []-derived [] factor (EDHF)
  2. Vasoconstricters - []-1 (ET-1), Thromboxane A2, and []
A
  1. Vasodilaters - nitric oxide, Prostacyclin, and enothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)
  2. Vasoconstricters - Endothelin-1 (ET-1), Thromboxane A2, and prostaglandin
20
Q

[] - [] is the most potent vasoconstrictor

A

Endothelin-1

21
Q

LDLs are oxidized and then phagocytized by macrophages and become [] cells within what layer of vascular tissuer…[] ?

A

foam cells

Endothelium/ Tunica Intima

22
Q

Arteries are classified into 3 types based on the size and caracteristics of the [] []

  1. Large or [] arteries
  2. Medium or [] arteries
  3. Small arteries and []
A
  1. Arteries are classified into 3 types based on the size and caracteristics of the tunica media
  2. Large or elastic arteries
  3. Medium or muscular arteries
  4. Small arteries and arterioles
23
Q

Elastic arteries:

  1. maintains [] blood flow.
  2. Tunica Intima - relatively [], consists of enothelial, subendothelial layer of [] and [], smooth [] and internal [] membrane,
  3. Tunica Media - [] layer. Elastin layer allows for [] during systole and [] during diastole
    1. Smooth muscle produces molecues of the [] []
    2. Contains no []
    3. Contains [] fibers and ground substance
  4. Tunica adventitia - relatively [] layer
    1. Contains Fibers, [] and [] are the principle cells of this layer
    2. Contains [] and [] supply
A
  1. maintains continuous blood flow.
  2. Tunica Intima - relatively thick, consists of enothelial, subendothelial layer of collagen and elastic, smooth muscle and internal elastic membrane,
  3. Tunica Media - thickest layer. Elastin layer allows for expansion during systole and recoil during diastole
    1. Smooth muscle produces molecues of the extracellular matrix
    2. Contains no fibroblasts
    3. Contains collagen fibers and ground substance
  4. Tunica adventitia - relatively thin layer
    1. Contains Fibers, fibroblasts and macrophages are the principle cells of this layer
    2. Contains blood and nerve supply
24
Q

Medium/Muscular Arteries:

  1. Function as [] vessel
  2. Tunica Intima - consists of…
    1. Endothelial lining with [] lamina
    2. Sparse []
    3. Prominent internal [] []
  3. Tunica Media - composed of concentrically arranged [] [] cells amid [] fibers.
    1. No []
  4. Tunica Adventitia - [] compared to elastic arteries
    1. seperated from the tunica media by the [] [] membrane
    2. Consists of fibroblasts, [] and [] fibers, and sometimes [] cells
A
  1. Function as distribution vessel
  2. Tunica Intima - consists of…
    1. Endothelial lining with basal lamina
    2. Sparse subendothelium
    3. Prominent internal elastic membrane
  3. Tunica Media - composed of concentrically arranged smooth muscle cells amid collagen fibers.
    1. No fibroblasts
  4. Tunica Adventitia - thick compared to elastic arteries
    1. seperated from the tunica media by the external elastic membrane
    2. Consists of fibroblasts, collagen and elastic fibers, and sometimes adipose cells
25
Q

Small Arteries/Arterioles:

  1. Changes in the tunica media change [] flow and []
  2. Tunica Media
    1. Up to 8-10 layers in [] arteries
    2. Only [] - [] layers in arterioles
  3. Tunica Adventitia - not well defined. Blends with surrounding [] tissue
A
  1. Changes in the tunica media change blood flow and resistance
  2. Tunica Media
    1. Up to 8-10 layers in small arteries
    2. Only 1-2 layers in arterioles
  3. Tunica Adventitia - not well defined. Blends with surrounding connective tissue
26
Q

Capillaries:

  1. [] vessels, [] surface area and [] pressure diffusion
  2. Composed of a [] layer of [] cells
  3. 4 - 10 um diameter, allows passage of [] blood cell at a time.
  4. [], relatively undifferentiated cells that lie on outer surface of capillary endothelium
    1. important in capillary [] and []
A
  1. exchange vessels, large surface area and low pressure diffusion
  2. Composed of a single layer of endothelial cells
  3. 4 - 10 um diameter, allows passage of one blood cell at a time.
  4. Pericytes, relatively undifferentiated cells that lie on outer surface of capillary endothelium
    1. important in capillary diameter and regeneration
27
Q

What are the 3 classifications of Capillaries?

Where in the body can these capillaries be found?

A

Fenestrated - kidney, endocrine glands

Continuous - skeletal muscle, CT, exocrine glands, lungs, nervous tissue.

Sinusoidal (Discontinuous) - liver, spleen, bone marrow

28
Q

T/F

Continuous capillaries use active transport and pinocytosis to allow materials to move across?

A

FALSE

Continous capillaries use pinocytosis or diffusion

29
Q

Continuous capillary endothelial cells are joined by [] junctions and have a [] basal lamina

A

occluden junctions

continuous basal lamina

30
Q

T/F

Pinocytotic vesicles are only found in Discontinuous and Fenestrated capillaries?

A

FALSE

Pinocytotic vesicles are found in Fenestrated and Continuous capillaries.

31
Q

[] []/[] provide direct routes between arteries and veins by bypassing the capillary bed.

A

Arteriovenous Anastomoses/Shunts

32
Q

Veins compared to Arteries:

  1. Veins usually have a [] shape compared to arteries
  2. Veins usually are [] in diamter than arteries
  3. Veins have [] tunica media than arteries
A
  1. Veins usually have a distorted shape compared to arteries
  2. Veins usually are larger in diamter than arteries
  3. Veins have less tunica media than arteries
33
Q

Venules:

  1. Postcapillary Venules
    1. endothelial cells are principle site of vasoactive agents such as [] and []
    2. [] surround postcapillary venules and form connection with [] cells
    3. tissue [] and [] emigration during inflammation occurs here.
  2. Muscular Venules
    1. Distinguised by 1-2 layers of [] [] that make up the tunica media.
A

Venules:

  1. Postcapillary Venules
    1. endothelial cells are principle site of vasoactive agents such as histamine and serotonin
    2. Pericytes surround postcapillary venules and form connection with endothelial cells
    3. tissue edema and leukocyte emigration during inflammation occurs here.
  2. Muscular Venules
    1. Distinguised by 1-2 layers of Smooth Muscle that make up the tunica media.
34
Q

Medium Veins:

  1. ~ 3 layers of [] [] and usually have [] as a distinguishing characteristic
  2. Tunica intima – endothelium and [] lamina; subendothelium with occasional
    [] [] cells;
    1. sometimes a thin [] [] membrane is present
  3. Tunica media – several layers of circularly
    arranged smooth muscle cells with [] and [] fibers.
    1. A longitudinal layer of
      [] [] may sometimes be present just beneath the tunica []
  4. Tunica adventitia – [] than the tunica media with [] fibers and networks
    of [] fibers
A
  1. ~ 3 layers of smooth muscle and usually have valves as a distinguishing characteristic
  2. Tunica intima – endothelium and basal lamina; subendothelium with occasional
    smooth muscle cells
    1. sometimes a thin internal elastic membrane is present
  3. Tunica media – several layers of circularly
    arranged smooth muscle cells with collagen and elastic fibers.
    1. A longitudinal layer of
      smooth muscle may sometimes be present just beneath the tunica adventicia
  4. Tunica adventitia – thicker than the tunica media with collagen fibers and networks
    of elastic fibers
35
Q

Large Veins:

  1. Tunica intima – endothelium with [] lamina, thin subendothelial [] tissue
    and smooth muscle
  2. Tunica media – relatively thin with circumferentially arranged [] [] [],
    collagen fibers and some []
  3. Tunica adventitia – [] layer of the wall; in addition to collagen and elastic
    fibers, longitudinally arranged [] [] is also present
A
  1. Tunica intima – endothelium with basal lamina, thin subendothelial connective tissue
    and smooth muscle
  2. Tunica media – relatively thin with circumferentially arranged smooth muscle cell,
    collagen fibers and some fibroblasts
  3. Tunica adventitia – thickest layer of the wall; in addition to collagen and elastic
    fibers, longitudinally arranged smooth muscle is also present
36
Q

A main distinguishing characteristic of large veins is a [] tunica media and a [] section of smooth [] in the tunica adventitia.

A

A main distinguishing characteristic of large veins is a circular tunica media and a longitudinal section of smooth muscle in the tunica adventitia.

37
Q

Varicose veins occur due to damage to venous []

A

valves

38
Q

DVT (deep vein thrombosis) happens when you lay in a hospital bed for too long and form blood clots…a part of the blood clot could break off, called an [], and travel around the body

A

Embolus

39
Q

Lymphatic Vascular System:

  1. Drainage of [] fluid/protein from [] tissue space
  2. Transport of [] and []
  3. Capillaries are []-[] tubules that start in the connective tissue.
  4. Movement is drive by [] of lymphatic vessels by [] muscle
A
  1. Drainage of excess fluid/protein from interstitial tissue space
  2. Transport of antigens and lymphocytes
  3. Capillaries are blind-ended tubules that start in the connective tissue.
  4. Movement is drive by compression of lymphatic vessels by skeletal muscle
40
Q

Lymphatic capillaries consists only of [] and an incomplete [] [].

A

Endothelium

Basal Lamina

41
Q

T/F

Blood capillaries are more permeable than lymph capillaries?

A

FALSE!

Lymph capillaries are more permeable

42
Q

T/F

Lymph vessels and veins both have valves?

A

TRUE!

43
Q

What are the 2 Lymph Ducts? And where does each duct empty into?

A
  1. Right Lymphatic Duct - empties at junction of right internal jugular and right subclavian veins
  2. Thoracic Duct - empties into juction of left internal jugual and left subclavian veins
    1. Cisterna Chyli - most inferior part of thoracic duct

Histology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions