Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

[] [] is a diverse group of tissues taht share a common origin, the mesenchyme (mesoderm) of the embryo…

A

Connective Tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which type of tissue arises from the mesoderm of the embryo? How does this differ form epithelial?

A

Connective Tissue

Epithelial tissue can arise from all 3 germs layers (mesoderm, endoderm, ectoderm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The following is true of connective tissue, except:

  1. It has few cells, in comparison to epithelial
  2. It is nonvascular
  3. Cells are not adherent
  4. It has an abundant matrix
A
  • 2, nonvascular is the false statment
  • Connective tissue is very vascular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which of the following is true of connective tissue?

  1. The cells bear mechanical stress
  2. It is derived from the ectoderm
  3. It has little extracellular matrix
  4. The matrix bears the mechanical stress
A
  • 4 is true. The matrix of the connective tissue bears the mechanical stress
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the Connective Tissue Components?

A
  • Fibers
  • Ground Substance
  • Cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 3 different fibers found in Connective Tissue?

A
  1. Collagen
  2. Elastic
  3. Reticular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the primary type of fiber found in connective tissue?

How many types of Collagen do we need to know?

A

Collagen

4 types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  1. Collagen stains [] with and H/E stain which means it’s []
  2. Collagen stains [] with a Mallory Stain
  3. Colalgen stains [] with a Masson’s Stain
  4. When stained with [] or []- [] for EM, Collagen has a repeating pattern called []
A
  1. Pink; acidophilic
  2. Blue
  3. Green
  4. Osmium; Heavy Metals, Axial Periodicy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Collagen Fibers:

  1. Is a [], which make it stain pink with H/E and means its []-ophilic
  2. Is [] but flexible
  3. Provides [] strength
A
  1. Glycoprotein; acidophilic
  2. Unbranched
  3. tensile
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 4 types of Collagen we need to know and what is each’s characteristics?

A
  1. Type I - found everywhere. Bones, tendons, skin, cornea…90% of body collagen
  2. Type II - Found in cartilage
  3. Type III - Found in the skin, blood vessels, and lymphatic organs like the spleen
    1. ​Referred to as “reticular Collagen
    2. Found in the reticular lamina of the basement membrane. And it originates from the CT side of the basement membrane
  4. Type IV - Found in the basil lamina of the basement membrane. Comes from the epithelial side of the basement membrane
    1. Creates a sheet-like network
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What 2 collagen types are found in the basement membrane between epithelial and CT?

A
  • Type III - or Reticular Collagen because it comes from CT
  • Type IV - comes from epithelial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Reticular Fibers:

  1. These [] unlike collagen fibers
  2. Consist mainly of Type [] collagen
  3. Stains with []-[] or []
  4. Synthesize by [] and [] (also secondarily Schwann cells and Smooth muscle cells but he didnt talk about that
  5. Acts as a boundary between [] and []
  6. Surrounded by adipocytes, [] [] [], and smooth muscle
A
  1. branched
  2. Type III
  3. Silver Salts or PAS
  4. Fibroblasts and Reticular Cells
  5. Epithelial and CT
  6. Small blood vessels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Reticular fibers are coated with [], which make them highly [] which attracts a lot of water to them…

A

proteoglycans

Highly negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where would you expect to find Reticular Fibers? (could be more than 1)

  • Spleen
  • Sarcomere
  • Between the CT and epithelial, within the basement membrane
  • Between smooth muscle cells
  • In the spinal cord
A
  • Spleen - commonly found in reticular organs of the lympathic system
  • Between the CT and Epithelial…it makes up the reticular lamina of the basement membrane
  • Between smooth muscle cells - becuase smooth muscle cells make reticular fibers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Elastic Fibers:

  1. These are [] unlike collagen
  2. Form a loose []-[] fenestrated sheet or parallel bundles
  3. Selectively Stain with [] or []-[]
  4. Synthesized by [] and [] [] []
  5. Intermixed with [] to prevent tearing
A
  1. Branched
  2. 3-D
  3. Orcein or resorcin-fuchsin
  4. fibroblast and smooth muscle cells
  5. collagen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are Elastic Fibers 2 main structural components?

A

Elastin

Microfibrils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When looked at twith an EM, which elastic fibers appear in the field of view?

A
  • Microfibrils can be seen with EM
  • Elastin appears as amorphous with EM
    • even though it is the main structural component of Elastic fibers.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The elastic model states that…

A
  • Elastin molecules are randomly coiled due to hydrophobicitiy
  • Each molecule is joined together by covalent bonds to form a network
  • Each molecule can expand and retract ….i guess to help when stretched??
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where would you expect to find Elastic Fibers (more than 1 option)?

  • Spinal Cord
  • Big Toe
  • Dermis
  • Elastic Arteries like the Aorta
  • Lungs
  • Vocal Folds
  • Bone
A
  1. Dermis
  2. Elastic arteries like the Aorta
  3. Lungs
  4. Vocal Folds

Anywhere where the organ needs to stretch.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which type of CT fibers are found in organs that must stretch and then return to their original shape?

A

Elastic Fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Functions of Ground Substance:

  1. [] support; withstands compressive force
  2. Rapid diffusion of [] - [] molecules
  3. Regulate activites of various [] factors and other secreted proteins by binding to them
  4. Regulates molecular trafficking in the [] matrix
A
  1. mechanical
  2. water-soluble
  3. growth
  4. extracellular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ground substance contains a good amount of proteoglycans…what does this do to the ground substance?

A
  • The ground substanceis very viscous and has a high water content
  • Proteoglycans are extremely negative. So they attract a ton of water.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the most abundant component of the ground substance?

A

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

[] are responsbile for the physical properties of the ground substance.

What molecule do these associate with to create a highly negative charge?

A
  • Glycosaminoglycans
  • Proteoglycans
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What component of Ground Substance stabilizes the extracellular matrix, regulates cell movement, and stimulates cells proliferationa dn differentiation?

A

Multiadhesive Glycoproteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the 3 components of Ground Substance?

A
  1. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
  2. Proteoglycans
  3. Multiadhesive Glycoproteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the principle connective tissue cell?

A

Fibroblast

28
Q

T/F

Mast cells syntheize collagen, elastic and reicular fibers and components of the ground substances?

A

False! Fibroblasts would be correct.

Mast Cells respond to antigens

29
Q

Fibroblasts:

  1. When active the cytoplasm is []
  2. When inactive the cytoplasm is []
  3. Contains [] and a prominent [] apparatus
  4. Can differentiate into other cell types like []
A
  1. Eosinophilic
  2. Basophilic
  3. rER; Golgi Apparatus
  4. myofibroblast
30
Q

How do we stain Macrophages in CT?

A
  • We have to flood the cell with “Tri-Pan Blue.”
  • The macrophage will eat this and turn blue
31
Q

These CT cells are also known as histiocytes?

A

Macrophages

32
Q

T/F

Macrophages do not have the ability to fuse with other macrophages to form a giant cell capable of engulfing huge cells?

A

False…they can!

33
Q

[] are derived from blood monocytes

A

Macrophages

34
Q

What is the Mononuclear Phagocytic System?

A
  • Many different types of cells differentiate from monocytes. They all serve functions similar to Macrophages, just in different parts of the body.
    • Ex:
      • Macrophages
      • Kupffer Cell - liver
      • Alveolar - lung
      • Osteoclast - bone digestion
      • Microglia - brain
35
Q

Which of the following are Macrophage functions? (multiple options)

  1. Microbial Digestion
  2. Tumoricidal activity
  3. tissue remodeling
  4. inflammation and fever
  5. lymphocyte activation
  6. tissue damage
A

All of the above are functions of macrophages!

36
Q

Mast cells are [] which means they stain red/pink…

A

acidphilic

37
Q

Mast cells are [] in the CNS

A

Absent!

38
Q

Mast Cells:

  • develops in [] []
  • [] receptors present on plasma membrane
    • these receptors bind to antibody class []
  • Functions in [] reactions, anaphylaxis, and []
A
  1. bone marrow
  2. IgE
    1. class E
  3. Hypersensitive, anaphylaxis, and allergies
39
Q

What is the mast cell function flow chart?

A
  1. Exposure to allergen
  2. Plasma Cell makes IgE antibody
  3. IgE binds to Mast cell surface
  4. Mast cell encounters allergen again
  5. Allergen binds to IgE and mast cell releases contents of its granules
40
Q

What cell has the primary job of making antibodies in CT?

A

Plasma Cells

41
Q

Plasma Cells:

  1. [] cytoplasm and it labels purple
  2. ergastoplasm in the cytoplasma
    1. which means there is an abundance of []
  3. Derived from []-[]
  4. Located in [] tract, as well as [] glands, and [] nodes and [] tissue
A
  1. Basophilic
  2. Egastoplasm is
    1. Lots of rER for protein synthesis
  3. B-lymphocytes
  4. GI tract, salivary glands, lymph nodes, and hemopoietic tissue
42
Q

What type of chromatin “dominates” the nuclei in Plasma cells?

A

Heterochromatin

Because plasma cells are basically just making antibodies so it doesnt need a bunch of active euchromatin.

43
Q

Reticular cells are normally found with reticular fibers in what types of tissues?

What type of stains are used to identify reticular cells/fibers?

A
  • Spleen, Lymphatic organs, bone marrow, adipose tissue
  • Found by staining with silver salts and PAS
44
Q

Reticular Cells:

  1. Produce [] fibers found in hempoietic and [] organs
  2. May be [] in some organs
A
  1. reticular fibers; lymphatic
  2. phagocytic
45
Q

This type of CT cell is the fat-storing cell of the body?

A

Adipose Cells

46
Q

Adipocytes secrete substances for 2 different signaling pathways…what those “pathways?”

A
  1. Paracrine
  2. Endocrine
47
Q

How do adipocytes effect weight gain?

A
  • The increase or decrease in the size of adipocytes results in changes in weight
48
Q

What are the 4 types of connective tissue proper?

A

Loose

Dense

Dense Regular

Dense Irregular

49
Q

What are the locations of CT proper throughout the body?

A
  • Epithelial basal lamina
  • External Lamina of muscle
  • External lamina of nerve
  • External Lamina of vascular endothelium
50
Q

Loose CT:

  1. Most [] type of CT
  2. Found where [] resistance to stress is required
  3. This is the site of [] reactions, [] and [] exchange
  4. Supports the [] parenchyma of major organs
  5. Most of the [] vessels are distributed here
  6. Underlies the [] lining of the pleural and [] cavity
A
  1. abundant
  2. little
  3. immune; gas and nurtient
  4. epithelial
  5. blood
  6. mesothelium; peritoneal
51
Q

How does Loose CT support the stroma cells of organs?

A

False!

It supports the epithelial parenchyma cells of major organs. It does this by being vascualr and delivering nutrients and what not.

52
Q

Most organs are surrounded by [] [] CT…

A

Dense Irregular CT

53
Q

What type of fibers constitute Dense CT?

A

Collagen, with a few elastic thrown in.

54
Q

In what tendons are you most likely to find dense irregular CT?

A

False

You most likely wouldnt find much dense irregular CT in tendons.

55
Q

Where do you usually find dense irregular CT?

A

Capsule of organs

Sheath of large neurons

Dura Mater

56
Q

Normally dense regular CT is found in specific areas of the body that stretch a certain way…what is one main exception?

A

The cornea of the eye is surrounded by dense regular CT

57
Q

Reticular CT is made primarily by [] [] collagen

A

Type III

58
Q

Reticular tissue forms the [] of bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes

A

stroma

59
Q

What type of stain should you use to label reticular tissues?

A

PAS

60
Q

What type of CT proper resembles Elastic connective tissue?

A

Dense CT

61
Q

Where do you normally find elastic CT?

A
  • Places in the body that need to turn adn stretch in different directions
  • Aorta - elastic arteries
  • Ligaments
  • Vocal Folds of the larynx
62
Q

Do you need to stain elastic connective tissue?

A

No

It already comes through as a yellow color, with small amounts of blood thrown in there.

63
Q

[] tissue is a special from of CT that functions in lipid storage and homeostasis…

A

Adipose Tissue

64
Q

Adipose Tissue:

  1. Major [] organ - secretes hormones
  2. Some locations include:
    1. []
    2. []
    3. []
    4. eyeball, [] of hand and feet
  3. 2 types - [] and []
A
  1. endocrine
  2. Locations
    1. breast
    2. mesentary
    3. hypodermis
    4. eyeball, palms/heel of hand and feet
  3. white and brown
65
Q

How can you tell the difference between white and brown adipost tissue by looking at it?

A
  • White adipose tissue will have large fat droplets within each cell. The nucleus will be flattened and pushed to teh outer edges of the cell
  • Brown adipose tissue will have several droplet of fat, within the cell, surrrounding a nucleus.
66
Q

Brown fat cells are mostly found in [] and animals that []…

A

infants and animals that hibernate

Histology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions