Cartilage & Bone Flashcards
Chondrocytes never []
Differentiate
How is CT proper different from Cartilage?
Cartilage has a semirigid quality that allows it to bear weight.
What are the 3 types of Cartilage?
- Hyaline
- Elastic
- Fibrocartilage
[] is the most common type of cartilage
It has a [] appearance in its matrix…
Hyaline
Glassy
Fibrocartilage:
- Transitional form between [] [] CT and [] cartilage
- Dense Fibrous and Hyaline
Connective Tissue is specialized for [] and []
Support and Protection
[] Cartilage is distinguished by its flexibility
Elastic
Like [] Tissue, Cartilage is derived from [] during development…
Connective Tissue
Mesenchyme
T/F
Cartilage is avascular, and rigid.
FALSE
Cartilage is Avascular, but it is semirigid
Cartilage:
- Consisting of [] and matrix material
- [], pliable
- Provides joint [] between bones
- chondrocyte
- Semirigid
- articulation
Where can you expect ot find fibrocartilage?
Vertebral Disc
Ear
Hyaline Cartilage:
- Produced by []
- Surrounded by []
- Most [] of all cartilage types
- Most commonly found in [] , [], and []
- Chondrocyte
- Perichondrium
- Common
- Synovial Joint, Rib Cage, Trachea
Hyaline chondrocytes are normally found within [] in the interceullular matrix?
Chrondocytes have a prominent [] and are active in proteins synthesis: with a well developed [] and []
Lacunae
Nucleolus; Golgi, rER
The cytoplasm of an active chondrocyte is [], for staining purposes.
basophilic
What are the main components of Hyaline Cartilage ground substance?
Proteoglycans
Multi Adhesive glycoproteins
What is the composition of Hyaline cartilage?
70% water
15% Type II Collagen
15% Gound Substance
Why is Hyaline cartilage mostly made of water?
Because its ground substance is made from the highly negative - proteoglycans - this causes water to hang out….
What type of Collagen is found in Hyaline Cartilage?
Type II
- What type of connective tissue makes up the Perichondrium?
- What are the 2 layers of this?
- Dense Irregular CT
- Inner Cellular Layer
- Outer FIbrous Layer
- Type I Collagen
What layer of the perichondrium is responsible for cartilage growth?
Inner Cellular Layer
In what 2 ways does cartilage grow?
- Appositional Growth (external)
- Interstitial Growth (Internal)
- Cartilage grows on its surface through [] type growth
- This is [], and active in []
- It involves [] differentiating into chondroblasts and then chondroblasts into []…
- appositional Growth
- Fast, embryos
- Fibroblasts, chondrocytes
Interstitial Growth:
- Allows growth [] cartilage
- Chondrocyte division leads to []
- Within
- isogenous groups
Perichondrium surrounds all hyaline cartilage except for [] [] in joints
Articular Cartilage
Chrondrocytes are more abundant in Hyaline or Elastic Cartilage?
Elastic has more Chondrocytes
T/F
Unlike Hyaline cartilage, Elastic Cartilage is surrounded by a perichondrium?
FALSE
While it is true that elastic cartilage is surrounded by perichondrium….so is Hyaline Cartilage!
[] are characterized by small islets of hyaline cartilage blending with parallel bundles of Type 1 Collagen
Fibrocartilage
T/F
Like Hyaline Cartilage, Fibrocartilage contains many chondrocytes and no perichondrium.
FALSE
- Hyaline has chondrocytes and perichondrium
- Fibrocartilage does not have perichondrium
Where would you expect to find Fibrocartilage?
Intervertebrate discs
Pubic Symphysis
Tendon Insertions
Where is the metabolix exchange in cartilage tissues?
- mediated by diffusion between chondrocytes and vessels in the perichondrium
T/F
Cartilage is not good at regeneration becuase it has a low proliferation rate?
TRUE
What happens to cartilage as we age?
Hyaline cartilage is turned in Calcium Crystals which then turns into bone!
In bones cells [] are located in lacunae, and the [] is a fibrous covering existing at the bones surface…
osteocytes
periosteum
Bone Tissue Composition:
- 35% dry weight - [] material
- Mostly Type [] Collagen
- Ground substance: [] and keratin [], []
- 65% dry weight - [] material
- Primarily [] []
- Organic
- Type I
- Chondroitin, keratin sulfates, glycoproteins
- Inorganic
- Calcium Phosphates
Looking at bone, what are the 2 structural “areas?”
Compact Bone
Spongy Bone
If you looking at a slide of compact bone - what are the general “layers” you’ll see going from external to internal?
- Periosteum
- Outer Circumferential Lamellae
- Interstitial Lammellae/Haversian Canals and such
- Inner Circumferential Lamellae
- Endosteum
A ddeficiency in Vitamin D would result in what type of bone issues?
- Less Ca2+ –> Less calcium/phosphates in bone
- Less Ca2+/P- = less rigid bones and bone deformities…like rickets
What are the 2 layers of the Periosteum?
Outer FIbrous Layer
Inner Cellular Layer
T/F
Unlike the periosteum, the endosteum only has 1-2 layers of cells.
TRUE
Spongy bone is lacking a [] and is lined by endosteum
Periosteum
What type of cells do osteoclast originate from?
Macrophages
What type of cells do Osteoblasts and Osteocysts originate from?
Osteoprogenitor cells
What cell types have characteristics like: a flattened nuclei, differntiates into an osteoblast, found in the bone lining layers?
Osteoprogenitor Cells
Osteoblasts:
- [] or [] shaped, bone forming cells
- Lines the surface on [] bone
- Secretes [] matrix
- cuboidal or Polygonal
- growing
- Bone
Parathyroid hormone, BMP, and Prostaglandin E are thought to stimulate the activity of [] cells
Osteoblast
T/F
Osteocytes can divide but chondrocytes cannot?
FALST
Oseocytes CANNOT divide, but chondrocytes CAN
- T/F: Osteocytes are directly involved in maintaining homeostasis?
- How is this achieved?
- False - Osteoclasts are believed to be involved in homeostasis.
- Parathyroid hormones increases activity of Osteoclasts - in response to low Ca2+ levels throughout the body
The resorption bay of an Osteoclast can also be called a….
“Howship’s” Canal
T/F
Osteoblasts can ibhibit Osteoclast formation by creating a special inhibitory protein subunit??
True
Osteoblast can make OPG (osteoprotegerin), which binds to an osteoclast precursor cell…inactivating it.
T/G
Periosteum exists between articular cartiage and bone?
False!
What are the 2 pathways Osteoblasts can make bone matrix?
- Osteoblast –> Osteoid/proteoglycans/glycoproteins –> Type I Collagen
- Osteoblast –> Matrix Vesicles –> Mineralization
Spongey Bone
- [] systems are not seen
- Has a [] appearance
- Lined with []
- Haversian Systems are not seen
- Has a trabecular
- Lined with endosteum
