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Histology > Cartilage & Bone > Flashcards

Cartilage & Bone Flashcards

1
Q

Chondrocytes never []

A

Differentiate

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2
Q

How is CT proper different from Cartilage?

A

Cartilage has a semirigid quality that allows it to bear weight.

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of Cartilage?

A
  1. Hyaline
  2. Elastic
  3. Fibrocartilage
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4
Q

[] is the most common type of cartilage

It has a [] appearance in its matrix…

A

Hyaline

Glassy

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5
Q

Fibrocartilage:

  • Transitional form between [] [] CT and [] cartilage
A
  • Dense Fibrous and Hyaline
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6
Q

Connective Tissue is specialized for [] and []

A

Support and Protection

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7
Q

[] Cartilage is distinguished by its flexibility

A

Elastic

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8
Q

Like [] Tissue, Cartilage is derived from [] during development…

A

Connective Tissue

Mesenchyme

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9
Q

T/F

Cartilage is avascular, and rigid.

A

FALSE

Cartilage is Avascular, but it is semirigid

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10
Q

Cartilage:

  • Consisting of [] and matrix material
  • [], pliable
  • Provides joint [] between bones
A
  1. chondrocyte
  2. Semirigid
  3. articulation
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11
Q

Where can you expect ot find fibrocartilage?

A

Vertebral Disc

Ear

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12
Q

Hyaline Cartilage:

  1. Produced by []
  2. Surrounded by []
  3. Most [] of all cartilage types
  4. Most commonly found in [] , [], and []
A
  1. Chondrocyte
  2. Perichondrium
  3. Common
  4. Synovial Joint, Rib Cage, Trachea
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13
Q

Hyaline chondrocytes are normally found within [] in the interceullular matrix?

Chrondocytes have a prominent [] and are active in proteins synthesis: with a well developed [] and []

A

Lacunae

Nucleolus; Golgi, rER

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14
Q

The cytoplasm of an active chondrocyte is [], for staining purposes.

A

basophilic

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15
Q

What are the main components of Hyaline Cartilage ground substance?

A

Proteoglycans

Multi Adhesive glycoproteins

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16
Q

What is the composition of Hyaline cartilage?

A

70% water

15% Type II Collagen

15% Gound Substance

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17
Q

Why is Hyaline cartilage mostly made of water?

A

Because its ground substance is made from the highly negative - proteoglycans - this causes water to hang out….

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18
Q

What type of Collagen is found in Hyaline Cartilage?

A

Type II

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19
Q
  1. What type of connective tissue makes up the Perichondrium?
  2. What are the 2 layers of this?
A
  1. Dense Irregular CT
  2. Inner Cellular Layer
  3. Outer FIbrous Layer
    1. Type I Collagen
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20
Q

What layer of the perichondrium is responsible for cartilage growth?

A

Inner Cellular Layer

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21
Q

In what 2 ways does cartilage grow?

A
  1. Appositional Growth (external)
  2. Interstitial Growth (Internal)
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22
Q
  1. Cartilage grows on its surface through [] type growth
    1. This is [], and active in []
  2. It involves [] differentiating into chondroblasts and then chondroblasts into []…
A
  1. appositional Growth
    1. Fast, embryos
  2. Fibroblasts, chondrocytes
23
Q

Interstitial Growth:

  1. Allows growth [] cartilage
  2. Chondrocyte division leads to []
A
  1. Within
  2. isogenous groups
24
Q

Perichondrium surrounds all hyaline cartilage except for [] [] in joints

A

Articular Cartilage

25
Q

Chrondrocytes are more abundant in Hyaline or Elastic Cartilage?

A

Elastic has more Chondrocytes

26
Q

T/F

Unlike Hyaline cartilage, Elastic Cartilage is surrounded by a perichondrium?

A

FALSE

While it is true that elastic cartilage is surrounded by perichondrium….so is Hyaline Cartilage!

27
Q

[] are characterized by small islets of hyaline cartilage blending with parallel bundles of Type 1 Collagen

A

Fibrocartilage

28
Q

T/F

Like Hyaline Cartilage, Fibrocartilage contains many chondrocytes and no perichondrium.

A

FALSE

  • Hyaline has chondrocytes and perichondrium
  • Fibrocartilage does not have perichondrium
29
Q

Where would you expect to find Fibrocartilage?

A

Intervertebrate discs

Pubic Symphysis

Tendon Insertions

30
Q

Where is the metabolix exchange in cartilage tissues?

A
  • mediated by diffusion between chondrocytes and vessels in the perichondrium
31
Q

T/F

Cartilage is not good at regeneration becuase it has a low proliferation rate?

A

TRUE

32
Q

What happens to cartilage as we age?

A

Hyaline cartilage is turned in Calcium Crystals which then turns into bone!

33
Q

In bones cells [] are located in lacunae, and the [] is a fibrous covering existing at the bones surface…

A

osteocytes

periosteum

34
Q

Bone Tissue Composition:

  1. 35% dry weight - [] material
    1. Mostly Type [] Collagen
    2. Ground substance: [] and keratin [], []
  2. 65% dry weight - [] material
    1. Primarily [] []
A
  1. Organic
    1. Type I
    2. Chondroitin, keratin sulfates, glycoproteins
  2. Inorganic
    1. Calcium Phosphates
35
Q

Looking at bone, what are the 2 structural “areas?”

A

Compact Bone

Spongy Bone

36
Q

If you looking at a slide of compact bone - what are the general “layers” you’ll see going from external to internal?

A
  • Periosteum
  • Outer Circumferential Lamellae
  • Interstitial Lammellae/Haversian Canals and such
  • Inner Circumferential Lamellae
  • Endosteum
37
Q

A ddeficiency in Vitamin D would result in what type of bone issues?

A
  • Less Ca2+ –> Less calcium/phosphates in bone
  • Less Ca2+/P- = less rigid bones and bone deformities…like rickets
38
Q

What are the 2 layers of the Periosteum?

A

Outer FIbrous Layer

Inner Cellular Layer

39
Q

T/F

Unlike the periosteum, the endosteum only has 1-2 layers of cells.

A

TRUE

40
Q

Spongy bone is lacking a [] and is lined by endosteum

A

Periosteum

41
Q

What type of cells do osteoclast originate from?

A

Macrophages

42
Q

What type of cells do Osteoblasts and Osteocysts originate from?

A

Osteoprogenitor cells

43
Q

What cell types have characteristics like: a flattened nuclei, differntiates into an osteoblast, found in the bone lining layers?

A

Osteoprogenitor Cells

44
Q

Osteoblasts:

  1. [] or [] shaped, bone forming cells
  2. Lines the surface on [] bone
  3. Secretes [] matrix
A
  1. cuboidal or Polygonal
  2. growing
  3. Bone
45
Q

Parathyroid hormone, BMP, and Prostaglandin E are thought to stimulate the activity of [] cells

A

Osteoblast

46
Q

T/F

Osteocytes can divide but chondrocytes cannot?

A

FALST

Oseocytes CANNOT divide, but chondrocytes CAN

47
Q
A
48
Q
  1. T/F: Osteocytes are directly involved in maintaining homeostasis?
  2. How is this achieved?
A
  1. False - Osteoclasts are believed to be involved in homeostasis.
  2. Parathyroid hormones increases activity of Osteoclasts - in response to low Ca2+ levels throughout the body
49
Q

The resorption bay of an Osteoclast can also be called a….

A

“Howship’s” Canal

50
Q

T/F

Osteoblasts can ibhibit Osteoclast formation by creating a special inhibitory protein subunit??

A

True

Osteoblast can make OPG (osteoprotegerin), which binds to an osteoclast precursor cell…inactivating it.

51
Q

T/G

Periosteum exists between articular cartiage and bone?

A

False!

52
Q

What are the 2 pathways Osteoblasts can make bone matrix?

A
  1. Osteoblast –> Osteoid/proteoglycans/glycoproteins –> Type I Collagen
  2. Osteoblast –> Matrix Vesicles –> Mineralization
53
Q

Spongey Bone

  1. [] systems are not seen
  2. Has a [] appearance
  3. Lined with []
A
  1. Haversian Systems are not seen
  2. Has a trabecular
  3. Lined with endosteum

Histology (11 decks)

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