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Systemic Pathology > Vascular Disorders > Flashcards

Vascular Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Types of arteriosclerosis

A

Arteriosclerosis
Monckeberg medical sclerosis
Atherosclerosis
Fibromuscular intimal hyperplasia

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2
Q

Two variants of arteriosclerosis

A

Hyaline
Hyperplasticity

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3
Q

Deposition of calcium in muscular arteries cause which type of arteriosclerosis

A

Monckeberg medial sclerosis

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4
Q

Risk factors of atherosclerosis

A

Modifiable:
Hyperlipidemia
Cigarette smoking
Diabetes melitus
Hypertension

Non modifiable:
Genetic abnormalities
Increased age
Male gender
Family history

Additional risk factors:
Inflammation
CRP levels
Obesity
Alcohol
Stressful lifestyle
Lipoprotein a
Metabolic syndrome
Inadequate physical activity
Raised pro coagulant levels rest

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5
Q

Hypothesis under Pathogenesis of arthrosclerosis

A

Insulation hypothesis, encrustation hypothesis, monoclonal hypothesis, response to injury hypothesis

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6
Q

Earliest precursor lesions of atherosclerosis

A

Fatty streaks

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7
Q

Size of fatty streaks

A

1 mm

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8
Q

Size of athermatous plaques

A

0.3 to 1.5cm

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9
Q

Three microscopic component of atherosclerotic plaques

A

Fibrous cap
Necrotic core
Shoulder

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10
Q

Sites of atherosclerotic plaques

A

Lower abdominal aorta
Coronary arteries
Popliteal arteries
Internal carotid arteries
Circle of Willis

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11
Q

Atherosclerotic plaques causing tissue ischemia leading to which lesions

A

Critical stenosis

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12
Q

Which angina is caused ly atherscherosis

A

Stable

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13
Q

What is the sudden change or event of atheromatous plaque

A

Acute plaque change

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14
Q

Vulnerable plaques components

A

Necrotic centre with foam cells (large)
Thin fibrous caps
Inflammatory cells.in clusters

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15
Q

How stating stabilize plaques

A

By reducing inflammation and thereby reduce collagen degradation

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16
Q

Lower or higher BP break plaques

A

Higher

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17
Q

Stable plaque components

A

Thick fibrous cap
Negligible lipid core
minimal inflammation

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18
Q

Based on gross appearance classify aneurysms

A

Fusiform
Sacular
Cylindrical
Dissecting hepatoma
False aneurysms

19
Q

How false aneurysm differs from true aneurysms

A

As it communicates with intravascular space and hence called pulsating hepatoma

20
Q

Rupture of left ventricle which complicates MI by forming which aneurysm

A

False

21
Q

Defect in which growth factor receptors leads to aneurysms

A

TGF -ß

22
Q

Defect in fibrillin synthesis causes

A

Marfan syndrome

23
Q

Defective type-3 collagen cause

A

Ehlers DanLos syndrome

24
Q

What cause altered collagen synthesis

A

VIT c deficiency.

25
Q

Exaggerated production of MMP causes

A

Aneurysms
Atherosclerotic plaques
Vasculitis

26
Q

Ischemia in aorta leads to

A

Fibrosis
Increased ECM
Increased proteoglycans
Called as cystic medial degeneration

27
Q

Treponema causes thoracic artery aneurysms by

A

Causing endarteritis in vasa vasosum

28
Q

Shape of atherosclerotic aneurysms

A

Saccular or fusiform

29
Q

Site of atherosclerotic aneurysms

A

Below origin of renal arteries

30
Q

How syphilic aneurysms causes heart failure

A

Aortic valvular incompetence

31
Q

Main site of syphilitic aneurysms

A

Ascending aorta

32
Q

Tree bark appearance present in

A

Syphilitic aneurysms

33
Q

Shape of Aneurysm seen in syphilitic anensysm

A

Fusiform

34
Q

Aortic dissection ethology

A

Arterial canullations
Pregnancy

35
Q

Tiger zone of aortic dissection

A

Initial tear

36
Q

Main site of initial tear

A

Ascending aorta

37
Q

Site of dissection of media in aortic dissection

A

Middle and outer thirds.

38
Q

Extent of involvement of aortic dissection

A

Proximally towards ❤️
Dismally towards femoral artery, illias artery

39
Q

DeBakey type 1

A

Both ascending and descending aorta

40
Q

De bakey type-2

A

Only ascending aorta

41
Q

Debakey - 3

A

Only descending aorta

42
Q

Haemorrhage in pericardial sac

A

Cardiac tamponade

43
Q

When dissecting hematoma renters the blood vessel through second initial tear what happens

A

Double barrelled aorta

Systemic Pathology (8 decks)

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