Vascular disease (Yr 4) Flashcards
what is oedema?
abnormal and excessive accumulation of fluid in the interstitium
what is anasarca?
generalised subcutaneous oedema
why does oedema occur ventrally?
gravity and increased hydrostatic pressure in capillaries
what are the four mechanisms of oedema?
increased hydrostatic pressure
decreased oncotic pressure
decreased lymphatic drainage
increased capillary permeability
why are white blood cells low on haematology of SIRS cases?
they stick to blood vessels walls (neutrophils then cause damage to vessel wall making them more permeable)
why is albumin lost more readily than globulin?
smaller molecule
what are some infectious causes of vasculitis?
equine viral arteritis
herpes virus 1
infectious anaemia
Hendra virus
African horse sickness
what are the routes of transmission of infectious viral arteritis?
respiratory and venereal
what is the reservoir for equine viral arteritis?
carrier stallions (it is a notifiable disease)
what are the main clinics signs of equine viral arteritis?
abortion, oedema, stiff, pyrexic
what is the vasculitis caused by herpes virus 1 due to?
immune-mediated - immune complexes attaching to the vessel walls causing
what are the clinical signs of immune mediated vasculitis?
localised urticaria/wheals
generalised swelling or purport haemorrhagica
(due to a hypersensitivity)
what are the main hypersensitivities that cause vasculitis?
- IgE (histamine)
- immune complexes
what causes verminous arteritis?
Strongylus vulgaris
what is found on clinical examination of lymphangitis cases?
swelling and heat (usually single leg)
weight bearing but painful on palpation
serous ooze/crusting
