Vascular Anatomy

Question 1

Tunica Adventitia

Answer 1

• outter connective tissue made of collagen fibers

- protect vessel and hold to surrounding tissues

Question 2

3 Vessel Layers

Answer 2

• tunica intima
• tunica media
• tunica adventitia

Question 3

Tunica Media

Answer 3

• circular smooth muscle with elastin and proteoglycans
• allow constriction/dilation of vessels
• deparated from adventitia by external elastic laminae

Question 4

Thickest Artery Layers

Answer 4

• tunica media

- due to increased pressure

Question 5

Primary Elastin Arteries

Answer 5

• Aorta

- branches closest to heart

Question 6

Primary Muscular Arteries

Answer 6

-arteries other than aorta

Question 7

Diastolic Pressure

Answer 7

• pressure in Aa during ventricular relaxation

- reflect peripheral resistance or ability of blood to flow from Aa to capillaries

Question 8

Diastolic pressure reflects:

Answer 8

peripheral resistance

ability of blood to flow from Aa to capillaries

Question 9

Arterioles

Answer 9

• “resistance vessels”
• Primarily smooth muscle
• can act as control valves
• no pulse

Question 10

2 artery types

Answer 10

• primarily elastin

- primarily muscular

Question 11

systolic pressure

Answer 11

• pressure within Aa during ventricular contraction

- reflects work of heart and strain of Aa

Question 12

Systolic pressure reflects

Answer 12

work of heart and strain of Aa

Question 13

Precapillary sphincters

Answer 13

• between metarterioles and capillaries to control blood flow locally
• during exercise to increase blood flow to muscles and decrease to organs

Question 14

Precapillary Sphincters Open in response to

Answer 14

• Increased: CO2, H+, Lactate

- Decreased: pH, O2

Question 15

Histamines and Capillary Pores

Answer 15

• histamines cause cell tightening and pore widening

- allows large proteins to escape that normally can’t

Question 16

Veins

Answer 16

• reservoir/store blood
• get blood back to heart
• @ rest they hold about 64% of blood
• primarily made of adventitia with little elastin

Question 17

Capillaries

Answer 17

• separated from metarterioles by precapillary sphincters
• exchange nutrients and waste and fluids
• single cell layer

Question 18

Venules

Answer 18

-collect blood from capillaries

Question 19

Tunica Intima

Answer 19

• single layer of squamous endothelial cells
• impermiable to large proteins (small proteins can pass through)
• separated from media by internal elastic lamina

Question 20

MAP

Answer 20

• mean arterial pressure
• average pressure at which blood flows
• reflects ability of blood to perfuse tissue

Question 21

Normal MAP

Answer 21

70-110mmHg

-<60mmHg=inadequate tissue perfusion

Question 22

MAP=

Answer 22

MAP=DBP + 1/3 (SBP-DBP)

Question 23

Diffusion in Capillaries

Answer 23

• through cells or pores between cells
• lipid soluble stuff goes through cells
• glucose, amino acids, ions go through pores
• large proteins confined to plams