Pulmonary Anatomy

Question 1

laryngopharynx

Answer 1

-opening of esophagus

Question 2

nasopharynx

Answer 2

-above soft palate

Question 3

visceral pleura

Answer 3

• covers outer surface of lungs

- no sensory innervation

Question 4

Lung Segments

Upper Lobe of L/R Lungs

Answer 4

• Anterior
• Apical
• Posterior

Question 5

Lobes of Lungs

Answer 5

• Right: upper, middle, lower

- Left: upper, lingula, lower

Question 6

Fissures

Answer 6

• Right Lung: horizontal fissure, oblique fissure

- Left Lung: oblique fissure

Question 7

Pectus Excavatum

Answer 7

• funnel chest
• depression of sternum
• (can measure by pouring water into it)

Question 8

Pectus Carinatum

Answer 8

• pigeion breast

- prominent forward projection of sternum

Question 9

Barrel chest

Answer 9

• side to side diameter almost equal to front to back diameter
• classic of emphysema

Question 10

Oropharynx

Answer 10

-base of tongue

Question 11

Most aspirations are into the ____ lung

Answer 11

• Right

- primary bronchus on right is shorter, straighter and wider than left

Question 12

Respiratory bronchioles

Answer 12

-beginning of gas exchange

17-19th generation

Question 13

Alveolar Sac

Answer 13

• major part of gas exchange
• has surfactant

(23rd generation)

Question 14

Terminal Bronchioles

Answer 14

-end of conducting airways

12-16th generation

Question 15

Alveolar ducts

Answer 15

-gas exchange

19-22nd generation

Question 16

Inhalation associated with:

Answer 16

trunk extension

Question 17

Exhalation associated with:

Answer 17

trunk flexion

Question 18

Surfactant

Answer 18

-keeps alveoli open

Question 19

Pleura

Answer 19

• membranous serous sac around lungs
• visceral and parietal layers
• separated by thin serous fluid

Question 20

increased trunk flexion leads to

Answer 20

-decreased inhalation=closed alveoli–>decreased air movement–>increased pneumonia risk

Question 21

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 21

• CN XI

- elevate sternum during forced inspiration

Question 22

Parietal Pleura

Answer 22

• covers inner surface of chest wall and part of diaphragm and mediastinum
• subdivided based on area covered

Question 23

External Intercostals

Answer 23

-Ventral rami of T1-T12

Question 24

Internal Intercostals

Answer 24

-Ventral rami of T1-T12

Question 25

Serratus Anterior

Answer 25

- Long thoracic nerve | - C5-7, C8

Question 26

7 Accessory Breathing Mm

Answer 26

- SCM - Scalenes - Serratus Ant - Pec major - Pec minor - trapezius - erector spinae

Question 27

Scalenes

Answer 27

- elevate ribs | - C3-C5

Question 28

Pectoralis Minor

Answer 28

- Med pectoral N - Elevate ribs with deep inspiration -C6-8

Question 29

Lung Segments | Lower Lobe of Left Lung

Answer 29

- Anterior - Superior - Lateral - Posterior

Question 30

Lung Segments | Lower Lobe of Right Lung

Answer 30

- Basal - Superior - Lateral - Posterior - Medial

Question 31

Lung Sements | Middle Lobe of Right Lung

Answer 31

- Medial | - Lateral

Question 32

Trapezius

Answer 32

- CN XI - ventral rami of C2-4 - Stabilize scap to let serratus ant and pec minor elevate ribs

Question 33

Pectoralis Major

Answer 33

- Med and Lat pectoral Nn - Draws ribs toward arms to increase volume -C5-C8

Question 34

Erector Spinae

Answer 34

-Deep inspiration, extends spine to elevate ribs Dorsal rami of T1-S3

Question 35

Upper Airway

Answer 35

- Nose - Pharynx - Larynx

Question 36

Lower Airway

Answer 36

- Trachea - Bronchi - Bronchioles - Terminal Bronchioles - Respiratory Bronchioles - Alveolar Ducts - Alveolar Sacs

Question 37

Diaphragm

Answer 37

- Phrenic Nerve | - C3-5

Question 38

Lung volume in supine

Answer 38

decreased due to shift of abdominal contents

Question 39

Referred Pain: | Mediastinal and Central Diaphragmatic Pleura

Answer 39

-pn in lower neck and shoulder

Question 40

4 Functions of Lungs

Answer 40

- Exchange O2 and CO2 - Help maintain acid-base balance - Contribute to temperature homeostasis - Filter & Metabolize Toxic Substances

Question 41

Rererred Pain: | Costal and Peripheral Pleura

Answer 41

-pain in thoracic and abdominal areas

Question 42

subdivisions of parietal pleurs

Answer 42

- costovertebral - diaphragmatic - cervical - mediastinal

Question 43

Nn of Pleura

Answer 43

- Intercostal Nn=costal and peripheral diaphragmatic pleura | - Phrenic N: central diaphragmatic & mediastinal pleura

Question 44

Larynx

Answer 44

- cartilage | - keep foods, liquids and foreign objects from airway