Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Flashcards
3 Kinds of Cardiomyopathy
- dilated cardiomyopathy
- hepertrophic cardiomyopathy
- Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Dilated cardiomyopathy & Prognosis
- ventricle dilation & severely impaired systolic function
- Majority of deaths w/n 5 years (L heart failure)
HCM
- hypertrophy of interventricular septum
- caused by HTN or valve disease
Treatment of HCM
-beta blockers (to decrease HR and work)
Dilated Cardiomyopathy Treatment
- salt restriction
- digitalis glycosides
- vasodilators
- diuretics
- anticoagulants
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
- rigid, non-compliant myocardium
- from infiltrative disease
Causes of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
- amyloidosis
- glycogen storage disease
- hemochromatosis
Treatment of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
- none
- treat underlying cause
ASD
(atrial septal defect)
- patent foramen ovale
- R to L shunt (between atria)
- increased R heart workload
ASD detected as:
-detected at birth as murmur
ASD left untreated leads to:
R heart failure
PDA
(patent ductus arteriosus)
- opening between pulm trunk and aorta
- remains open due to hypoxemia or premature birth
- L to R Shunt (aortic press>pulm press)
PDA can lead to:
-CHF
PDA Treatment
- surgery
- IV indeomethacin
6 developmental/congenital heart diseases
- ASD
- VSD
- PDA
- Coarction of the Aorta
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- Endocardial Cushion Defect
VSD
- most common congenital heart disease
- opening between ventricles
- blood goes from L to R vent (due to pressure)
VSD detected as:
-murmur
VSD can lead to:
-L &/or R heart Failure if not treated
Coarction of the Aorta
- fibrous constriction on descending aorta
- increase pressure above and decrease press below
- BP UE>BP LE
Treatment for Coarction of Aorta
-surgery
Coarction of Aorta can cause
-cor pulmonale & heart failure
2 Types of Valvular Disease
- stenosis
- regurgitation/insufficiency
Valve:
Stenosis
- stiffening of valves
- narrowing/constriction–>valves hard to open
- obstructs blood flow & chamber prior to valve works harder
Valvular Stenosis often due to:
-scar/abnormal deposits on valves
