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Dermatology > Vascular Abnormalities & Acneiform Eruptions > Flashcards

Vascular Abnormalities & Acneiform Eruptions Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

common inflammatory condition caused by chronic venous insufficiency, where the skin capillaries begin to leak d/t congestion

A

stasis dermatitis

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2
Q

where does stasis dermatitis occur? why?

A

lower extremities
blood is backed up

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3
Q

a patient presents with lower extremity edema that is non-tender and non-painful, and rusty/erythematous/hyperpigmented skin. what are they experiencing?

A

stasis dermatitis

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4
Q

a patient presents with this skin lesion. what is the diagnosis and management?

A

stasis dermatitis

skin care (gentle cleanse, moisturizer)
leg elevation/walking

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5
Q

a patient presents with this skin lesion, what medication can be used to treat it? give the mnemonic

A

“the pent up blood in the legs is fixed with pentoxifylline”

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6
Q

a patient presents with lower extremity edema + pruritis, erythema, and oozing. what are they experiencing? treatment (2)?

A

acute stasis dermatitis

topical steroids
unna boot

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7
Q

proliferation of capillaries commonly found on the trunk

A

cherry angiomas

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8
Q

visible, small, linear blood vessels also called spider angiomas

A

telangiectasia

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9
Q

how can this be treated for cosmetic reasons?

A

laser therapy

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10
Q

most common benign tumor of infancy

A

hemangiomas

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11
Q

bright red, dome-shaped, vascular papules, plaques, or nodules

A

superficial hemangiomas

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12
Q

firm-rubbery, compressible, bluish, vascular plaques or nodules with overlying venous network or telangiectasia; noticed at 3-6 months of age

A

deep hemangiomas

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13
Q

what is the most common skin condition?

A

acne vulgaris

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14
Q

tender, painful, itchy lesions that are erythematous or hyperpigmented skin changes that occur with interspersed comedones

A

acne vulgaris

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15
Q

what is an open comedone also known as?

A

black head pimple

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16
Q

what is an closed comedone also known as?

A

white head pimple

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17
Q

what is the treatment for comedonal acne? (2)

A

tretinoin topical
benzoyl peroxide +/- antibiotic combo

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18
Q

what is the treatment for mild papular or cystic inflammatory acne? (2)

A

topical benzoyl peroxide + clindamycin
OR
topical benzoyl peroxide + adapalene

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19
Q

what is the treatment for moderate papular or cystic inflammatory acne? (4)

A

oral doxycycline, minocycline, erythromycin
+
topical benzoyl peroxide

20
Q

in which areas are oral antibiotics useful to treat acne?

A

chest or back

21
Q

what is the treatment for severe papular or cystic inflammatory acne? (3)

A

oral isotretinoin (vit A analog)
intralesional steroid injection
topical clascoterone

22
Q

which patient population should not use tretinoin topical or isotretinoin to treat acne?

A

pregnant patients

23
Q

since isotretinoin is a teratogenic, what is required before starting a female patient on it? (2)

A

2 forms of contraception

pregnancy test before and q 1 month

24
Q

what is some patient education for the treatment of acne vulgaris?

A

lesions take 4-6 weeks to resolve

skin can develop post-inflammatory pigmentation changes

25
Q

how does diet affect acne vulgaris?

A

low glycemic diet associated with improved acne if patient is insulin resistant

26
Q

common disorder characterized by erythema of the central face that persists for months; flares are often initiated by triggers

A

rosacea

27
Q

at what age does rosacea typically occur?

A

over 30 yo

28
Q

in which patients is rosacea more common in, in regards to fitzpatrick scale?

A

lower fitzpatrick scales

29
Q

how does rosacea differ from acne vulgaris?

A

rosacea does not have comedones

30
Q

what are some flare triggers of rosacea? (6)

A

sunlight exposure
exercise
exposure to hot/cold weather
emotional stress
topical steroids
alcohol (wine)

31
Q

a patient presents with a gradual onset of facial redness, flushing, or “pimples” on the central face. Their central face stings/burns. They also report that their skin has become sensitive to their usual skin care products. what is the diagnosis?

A

rosacea

32
Q

what is patient education for rosacea?

A

wear sunscreen and avoid triggers

33
Q

what is the treatment for facial erythema in rosacea? (2)
give mnemonic

A

“the red face hit its brim(onidine) and need to be treated with oxymetazoline (afrin)”

brimonidine
oxymetazoline

34
Q

what is the treatment for papules and pustules in rosacea?
give the mnemonic

A

“meta-zapping papules with Aztec acid for Iver in the Minor’s (minocycline)”

topical metronidazole
azelaic acid
ivermectin
minocycline

35
Q

what is the systemic treatment in rosacea? (2) give the mnemonic

A

“if rosacae is(otreninoin) exaggerating, she can talk to doxy(cycline)”

isotreninoin
doxycycline

36
Q

what is important to know about rosacea?

A

long-term disorder but sx can be controlled with meds and avoiding triggers

37
Q

very common disorder of the hair follicle that can be seen at any age in hair bearing sites

A

folliculitis

38
Q

what are 3 common etiologies of folliculitis?

A

infection
mechanical irritation
mite overpopulation

39
Q

a patient presents with pruritic, red “pimples” that spread (infection) via autoinoculation, and are often grouped and localized. what is the diagnosis and first line treatment?

A

folliculitis

topical mupirocin (bactroban)

40
Q

small 1-3 mm tender pustules or papules in hair bearing areas

A

folliculitis

41
Q

what can develop from folliculitis?

A

staph folliculitis = larger abscesses

42
Q

what treatment may limit the spread of infection in a patient with folliculitis?

A

topical disinfectant

43
Q

what 3 oral antibiotics can be used to treat the organism in folliculitis?

A

cephalexin
amoxicillin
trime-sulfa

44
Q

a patient presents with 1-2 mm clustered, erythematous or hyperpigmented papules, papulovesicles, or papulopustules with possible scale in the perioral region (sparing the vermillion border). what is the diagnosis and treatment?

A

perioral dermatitis (POD)

zero therapy + gentle skin cleansing

45
Q

what can we do once a patient is in remission from perioral dermatitis?

A

readd skin products; one per week to identify offender

46
Q

what should we do for a patient with perioral dermatitis whose condition does not resolve?

A

refer to dermatologist

Dermatology (15 decks)

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