Vascular Abnormalities & Acneiform Eruptions Flashcards

1
Q

common inflammatory condition caused by chronic venous insufficiency, where the skin capillaries begin to leak d/t congestion

A

stasis dermatitis

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2
Q

where does stasis dermatitis occur? why?

A

lower extremities
blood is backed up

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3
Q

a patient presents with lower extremity edema that is non-tender and non-painful, and rusty/erythematous/hyperpigmented skin. what are they experiencing?

A

stasis dermatitis

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4
Q

a patient presents with this skin lesion. what is the diagnosis and management?

A

stasis dermatitis

skin care (gentle cleanse, moisturizer)
leg elevation/walking

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5
Q

a patient presents with this skin lesion, what medication can be used to treat it? give the mnemonic

A

“the pent up blood in the legs is fixed with pentoxifylline”

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6
Q

a patient presents with lower extremity edema + pruritis, erythema, and oozing. what are they experiencing? treatment (2)?

A

acute stasis dermatitis

topical steroids
unna boot

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7
Q

proliferation of capillaries commonly found on the trunk

A

cherry angiomas

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8
Q

visible, small, linear blood vessels also called spider angiomas

A

telangiectasia

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9
Q

how can this be treated for cosmetic reasons?

A

laser therapy

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10
Q

most common benign tumor of infancy

A

hemangiomas

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11
Q

bright red, dome-shaped, vascular papules, plaques, or nodules

A

superficial hemangiomas

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12
Q

firm-rubbery, compressible, bluish, vascular plaques or nodules with overlying venous network or telangiectasia; noticed at 3-6 months of age

A

deep hemangiomas

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13
Q

what is the most common skin condition?

A

acne vulgaris

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14
Q

tender, painful, itchy lesions that are erythematous or hyperpigmented skin changes that occur with interspersed comedones

A

acne vulgaris

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15
Q

what is an open comedone also known as?

A

black head pimple

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16
Q

what is an closed comedone also known as?

A

white head pimple

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17
Q

what is the treatment for comedonal acne? (2)

A

tretinoin topical
benzoyl peroxide +/- antibiotic combo

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18
Q

what is the treatment for mild papular or cystic inflammatory acne? (2)

A

topical benzoyl peroxide + clindamycin
OR
topical benzoyl peroxide + adapalene

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19
Q

what is the treatment for moderate papular or cystic inflammatory acne? (4)

A

oral doxycycline, minocycline, erythromycin
+
topical benzoyl peroxide

20
Q

in which areas are oral antibiotics useful to treat acne?

A

chest or back

21
Q

what is the treatment for severe papular or cystic inflammatory acne? (3)

A

oral isotretinoin (vit A analog)
intralesional steroid injection
topical clascoterone

22
Q

which patient population should not use tretinoin topical or isotretinoin to treat acne?

A

pregnant patients

23
Q

since isotretinoin is a teratogenic, what is required before starting a female patient on it? (2)

A

2 forms of contraception

pregnancy test before and q 1 month

24
Q

what is some patient education for the treatment of acne vulgaris?

A

lesions take 4-6 weeks to resolve

skin can develop post-inflammatory pigmentation changes

25
how does diet affect acne vulgaris?
low glycemic diet associated with improved acne if patient is insulin resistant
26
common disorder characterized by erythema of the central face that persists for months; flares are often initiated by triggers
rosacea
27
at what age does rosacea typically occur?
over 30 yo
28
in which patients is rosacea more common in, in regards to fitzpatrick scale?
lower fitzpatrick scales
29
how does rosacea differ from acne vulgaris?
rosacea does not have comedones
30
what are some flare triggers of rosacea? (6)
sunlight exposure exercise exposure to hot/cold weather emotional stress topical steroids alcohol (wine)
31
a patient presents with a gradual onset of facial redness, flushing, or "pimples" on the central face. Their central face stings/burns. They also report that their skin has become sensitive to their usual skin care products. what is the diagnosis?
rosacea
32
what is patient education for rosacea?
wear sunscreen and avoid triggers
33
what is the treatment for facial erythema in rosacea? (2) give mnemonic
"the red face hit its brim(onidine) and need to be treated with oxymetazoline (afrin)" brimonidine oxymetazoline
34
what is the treatment for papules and pustules in rosacea? give the mnemonic
"meta-zapping papules with Aztec acid for Iver in the Minor's (minocycline)" topical metronidazole azelaic acid ivermectin minocycline
35
what is the systemic treatment in rosacea? (2) give the mnemonic
"if rosacae is(otreninoin) exaggerating, she can talk to doxy(cycline)" isotreninoin doxycycline
36
what is important to know about rosacea?
long-term disorder but sx can be controlled with meds and avoiding triggers
37
very common disorder of the hair follicle that can be seen at any age in hair bearing sites
folliculitis
38
what are 3 common etiologies of folliculitis?
infection mechanical irritation mite overpopulation
39
a patient presents with pruritic, red "pimples" that spread (infection) via autoinoculation, and are often grouped and localized. what is the diagnosis and first line treatment?
folliculitis topical mupirocin (bactroban)
40
small 1-3 mm tender pustules or papules in hair bearing areas
folliculitis
41
what can develop from folliculitis?
staph folliculitis = larger abscesses
42
what treatment may limit the spread of infection in a patient with folliculitis?
topical disinfectant
43
what 3 oral antibiotics can be used to treat the organism in folliculitis?
cephalexin amoxicillin trime-sulfa
44
a patient presents with 1-2 mm clustered, erythematous or hyperpigmented papules, papulovesicles, or papulopustules with possible scale in the perioral region (sparing the vermillion border). what is the diagnosis and treatment?
perioral dermatitis (POD) zero therapy + gentle skin cleansing
45
what can we do once a patient is in remission from perioral dermatitis?
readd skin products; one per week to identify offender
46
what should we do for a patient with perioral dermatitis whose condition does not resolve?
refer to dermatologist