Neoplasms Flashcards
what is the leading cause of death due to skin disease, responsible for 80% of deaths from skin cancer?
melanoma
what is the most important prognostic factor in melanoma?
tumor thickness
what is the gold standard for diagnosis and treatment for melanoma?
full-thickness excisional biopsy
what is the preferred method of excision of a melanoma?
mohs surgery
what kind of biopsy must be done for a melanoma any thickness over 1cm?
sentinel node biopsy (lymph node)
removal of tumor followed by immediate frozen section histopathologic exam of margins
mohs surgery
what are the six signs of malignant melanoma?
Asymmetry
Border is irregular
Color is not uniform
Diameter over 6mm + ugly duckling
Elevation is irregular, Evolving + Enlargement
what can be used to determine a melanoma is over 6mm in diameter?
tip of pencil eraser
what is the most common type of skin cancer?
basal cell carcinoma
what kind of exposure is directly related to the development of basal cell carcinoma?
UV light
a patient presents with a papule/nodule that has a waxy, pearly look with telangiectasias. what is the diagnosis and treatment?
basal cell carcinoma
mohs surgery
what diagnostic can be used to confirm this skin lesion? what’s the diagnosis?
shave or punch biopsy
basal cell carcinoma
a patient presents with this nodule that has black spots and is waxy, pearly in appearance + telangiectasias. what is the diagnosis and treatment?
basal cell carcinoma
mohs surgery
diagnosis and treatment?
superficial basal cell carcinoma
imiquimod cream
squamous cell carcinoma may evolve from what?
actinic keratosis
a patient presents with erythematous, rough conical hard nodules that ulcerate with central necrosis. what is the diagnosis and treatment?
squamous cell carcinoma
mohs surgery
what diagnostic can be used to confirm the diagnosis? what’s the diagnosis?
shave or punch biopsy
squamous cell carcinoma
a small (less than 6mm) macule or papule with a well-defined border and homogenous beige-pink-dark brown pigment
benign mole
what is a normal mole called?
melanocytic nevi
flat, brown lesion mole
junctional nevi
mole that becomes raised and palpable (papular)
compound nevi
a patient presents with this skin lesion. what is the likely diagnosis? what intervention can be done?
melanocytic nevi
derm for removal (cosmetic)
a patient presents with a papular, slightly elevated blue-black lesion. what is the diagnosis?
blue nevi
what patients are blue nevi most common in?
asian descent
occurs due to excessive response to a dermal injury; local fibroblast proliferation and overproduction of collagen
keloid
a patient presents with this skin lesion. what is the diagnosis and treatment?
keloid
derm - intralesional steroid injection
a patient presents with this mole that is large (over 6mm), has an irregular border, and irregularly distributed pigmentation. what is the diagnosis and treatment?
atypical nevi
surgical excision of lesion + narrow margins
what must be done with a surgical excision of atypical nevi?
sent for histology
