Hair and Nail Disorders

Question 1

stage of hair follicle that encourages growth and determines hair length

Answer 1

anagen

Question 2

stage of hair follicle that involves involution, cessation of growth, and apoptosis of hair follicle. the hair is static and just existing.

Answer 2

catagen

Question 3

stage of hair follicle in which it is preparing to shed

Answer 3

telogen

Question 4

what is androgenic alopecia also known as? (4)

Answer 4

male-pattern baldness
female-pattern baldness
female hereditary thinning
common baldness

Question 5

what occurs in androgenic alopecia? (2)

Answer 5

decreased length of anagen cycle
longer duration of telogen cycle

Question 6

what are 2 conditions that a female can present with, leading to increased androgen activity and to androgenic alopecia?

Answer 6

virilization
PCOS

Question 7

what medication can be used to lengthen anagen phase for androgenic alopecia? it’s the first line treatment.

Answer 7

topical minoxidil

Question 8

what medication decreases androgen’s effect on the follicle to help androgenic alopecia, but does not grow new hair? (2)

Answer 8

finasteride
dutasteride

Question 9

what medication used for androgen alopecia increases the risk of estrogen-dependent cancers and is pregnancy category X? (2)

Answer 9

finasteride
dutasteride

Question 10

what treatment promotes hair growth in men, used for androgen alopecia?

Answer 10

laser light therapy

Question 11

what medication is used for androgenic alopecia to stimulate hair growth and encourage immature hairs to fully mature into catagen (stable) phase?

Answer 11

topical latanoprost

Question 12

what medication is used for androgenic alopecia for women only, and may cause gynecomastia in males?

Answer 12

spironolactone

Question 13

autoimmune insulin to the anagen hair bulbs, collapsing the immune privilege of hair follicles, and creating an increased proportion of hairs in telogen as compared to anagen.

Answer 13

alopecia areata

Question 14

a patient presents with localized hair loss in round/oval areas without skin damage. what is the diagnosis and first line treatment?

Answer 14

alopecia areata
intralesional steroid injections

Question 15

a patient presents with complete hair loss. what is the diagnosis and treatment?

Answer 15

anagen effluvium

remove offending agent

Question 15

a patient presents with extensive hair loss in round/oval areas without skin damage. what is the diagnosis and best treatment option?

Answer 15

alopecia areata
topical diphenylcyclopropenone

Question 15

insult to hair follicle impairing its mitotic and metabolic activity in anagen

Answer 15

anagen effluvium

Question 16

transient increased shedding of normal hairs from scalp follicles, leading to increased daily hair loss and diffuse thinning of the scalp hair.

Answer 16

telogen effluvium

Question 17

a patient presents with hair loss and thinning of scalp hair. what is the diagnosis and treatment?

Answer 17

telogen effluvium
remove underlying stressor

Question 18

what are 4 possible causes of anagen effluvium?

Answer 18

radiation therapy to head
chemotherapy
systemic toxins
protein malnutrition

Question 19

what are 5 risk factors for telogen effluvium?

Answer 19

endocrine dysregulation
nutritional deficiency
rapid weight loss
any stress
medications

Question 20

infection of the lateral or proximal nail folds

Answer 20

paronychia

Question 21

why does paronychia occur?

Answer 21

break in integrity of epidermis at nail border

Question 22

a patient presents with throbbing pain, erythema, swelling, +/- abscess formation. what is the diagnosis and 2 treatment options?

Answer 22

paronychia

warm soaks + compress for spontaneous rupture

I&D if no spontaneous rupture
+/- antibiotics