Vascular Flashcards
What is an aneurysm?
Artery with a dilatation >50% original diameter
Abnormal - involve all layers of the arterial wall
What are some causes of aneurysms?
Atheroma Trauma Infection Syphilis CTD Takayasu's
What is the screening programme for AAA?
USS for all males over 65
What are some features of unruptured AAAs?
> 3cm across
Often FH
Treat HTN, stop smoking, monitor
Elective surgery if >5.5.cm or symptomatic
What are the symptoms and signs of a ruptured AAA?
Collapse
Hypotension
Back pain
Expansile mass
What is the immediate management of a ruptured AAA?
ABCDE O-ve blood - keep systolic BP <100 ECG, FBC, crossmatch Prophylactic antibiotics Vascular surgery
What are some features of popliteal aneurysms?
Often bilateral and asymptomatic
FH, associated with AAA
Lead to limb ischaemia
What are the stages of developing an aortic dissection?
Damage to tunica intima
Blood between intima and media
Extending dissection
Hypotension, hypo perfusion, shock
What can damage the tunica intima?
HTN, CTD, aneurysm, chest trauma
What are the features of a type A aortic dissection?
Ascending aorta
Before origin of left SCA
Commonest type
Requires surgical repair
What are the features of a type B aortic dissection?
Descending aorta
After origin of SCA
Can sometimes use medical management
What are the signs and symptoms of an aortic dissection?
Sudden onset tearing central chest pain radiating to the back
Unequal arm pulses and BP
Limb ischaemia
Do CT or TOE
What are the stages of chronic peripheral arterial disease?
- Asymptomatic
- Intermittent claudication
- Rest pain
- Tissue loss
What tests should be done for peripheral arterial disease?
BP, HbA1c, lipids
FBC, UEs
ECG
ABPI
What increases the risk of peripheral venous disease?
Prolonged standing Obesity Pregnancy FH COCP
