Orthopaedics Flashcards
What is cervical spondylosis?
Degenerative changes of the cervical spine - annular fibrosis and bony spurs
Narrows spinal canal and intervertebral foramina
Neck and arm pain, paraesthesia
What is whiplash?
Sudden neck extension with rebound flexion
Protective muscle spasm causes pain and stiffness
What are some causes of impingement syndrome?
Supraspinatus tendinopathy
Calcifying tendinopathy
ACJ-osteoarthritis
What are the features of rupture of long head of biceps?
Discomfort occurs after lifting or pulling
‘Ball’ appears in the muscle on elbow flexion
What are the phases of adhesive capsulitis?
- Painful phase - less than a year
- Frozen phase 6-12 months
- Thawing phase - 1-3 years
What is olecranon bursitis?
Traumatic bursitis following elbow pressure
Pain and swelling behind olecranon
Check for skin cellulitis
What are the features of subluxation of the radial head?
Typically 1-4 year old lifted by the arm
Radial head slips out of anular ligament
Arm is held slightly flexed and twisted inwards
What are the features of Dupuytren’s contracture?
Progressive painless fibrotic thickening of the palmar fascia
Skin puckering and MCP joint flexion
Consider fasciectomy
What are some causes of Dupuytren’s contracture?
Genetic
Smoking
Diabetes
AEDs
What is De Quervian’s disease?
Stenosing tenosynovitis of 1st extensor compartment, APL and EPB as the cross the radial styloid
What is scoliosis and what are the symptoms?
Lateral spinal curvature with secondary vertebral rotation
Pain, cosmesis issues, poor lung function
What are some features of discitis?
Fever, night pain, specific tenderness
Raised ESR
50% staphylococcal
What is Pott’s disease?
Spinal TB
Focal tenderness, kyphosis and stiffness
Do CXR to check for pulmonary TB
What are some symptoms of transient synovitis?
Viral prodrome
Child systemically well
Acute onset limp and reduced movements
What is Perthes disease?
Avascular necrosis of the femoral head
Gradual onset limp and pain
Can cause early onset OA