Paediatrics

Question 1

What vaccines are given at 8 weeks?

Answer 1

Diphtheria
Tetanus
Pertussis 
Polio 
Pneumococcal
Hib 
Hepatitis B 
Meningitis B 
Rotavirus

Question 2

What age is the MMR vaccine give at?

Answer 2

1 year

Question 3

What should a 3 month old be able to do?

Answer 3

Head control
Fix and follow
Vocalise
Laugh

Question 4

What should a 6 month old be able to do?

Answer 4

Sit
Palmar transfers
Babble
Alert and interested

Question 5

What should a 9 month old be able to do?

Answer 5

Crawl
Pincor grip
Stranger anxiety

Question 6

What should a 12 month old be able to do?

Answer 6

Stand, walk
Understand commands, say mamma and dadda
Wave bye

Question 7

What should a 2 year old be able to do?

Answer 7

Run, stairs
Draw circles and lines
2 word phrases
Uses fork and spoon

Question 8

What should a 3 year old be able to do?

Answer 8

Stand on one foot
Build bridge with bricks
3 word phrases
Interactive play

Question 9

What are some pre-natal causes of global developmental delay?

Answer 9

Chromosome disorders
Hypothryoidism
TORCH
Alcohol/drugs

Question 10

What are some peri-natal causes of global developmental delay?

Answer 10

Hypoxic brain injury

Hypogylcaemia

Question 11

What are some postnatal causes of global developmental delay?

Answer 11

Meningitis

Head injury

Question 12

What are some causes of motor delay?

Answer 12

Cerebral palsy

Visual impairment

Question 13

What are some causes of language delay?

Answer 13

Hearing loss
Cleft palate
Familial/normal variant
Environmental deprivation

Question 14

What are some features of croup?

Answer 14

Caused by parainfluenza virus
6 months - 3 years
Prodrome
Barking cough

Question 15

What is the classification of croup?

Answer 15

Mild - cough, no respiratory distress at rest
Moderate - cough, sternal recession, stridor
Severe - cough, sternal recession, stridor and agitation or lethargy

Question 16

What is the treatment of croup?

Answer 16

Oral dexamethasone 0.15mg/kg

Moderate and severe - nebulised adrenaline 5ml:1000

Question 17

What are the features of epiglottitis?

Answer 17

2-7 years
Haemophilius influenzae
Sudden sore throat, respiratory distress, drooling, dysphagia

Question 18

What is HIE?

Answer 18

Hypoxic ischaemia encephalopathy
Clinical syndrome of brain injury
Cord prolapse, placental abruption

Question 19

What are the causes of neonatal jaundice within the first 24 hours?

Answer 19

Sepsis 
Rhesus haemolytic disease
ABO incompatibility 
Spherocytosis 
G6PD deficiency

Question 20

What are the causes of neonatal jaundice after 2 weeks?

Answer 20

Sepsis 
Breastfeeding 
Hypothyroidism 
Cystic fibrosis 
Biliary atresia

Question 21

What is necrotisiting enterocolitis and what are the signs?

Answer 21

Inflammatory bowel necrosis due to prematurity

Abdo distention, PR blood/mucus, shock

Question 22

What is Hirchsprung’s disease?

Answer 22

Congenital absence of ganglia in a segment of colon

Question 23

What is the electrolyte and acid-base imbalance in pyloric stenosis?

Answer 23

Hypochloremic, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis

Question 24

What are some causes of acyanotic congenital heart disease?

Answer 24

VSD
PDA
Coarctation of aorta
ASD

Question 25

What are some causes of cyanotic congenital heart disease?

Answer 25

TGA
Fallot’s tetralogy
AVSD

Question 26

What are the parts of Fallot’s tetralogy?

Answer 26

1. Large VSD
2. Over-riding aorta
3. Pulmonary stenosis
4. RV hypertrophy