Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FINALS > Oncology > Flashcards

Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the indications for testing for BRCA1 and 2?

A

Tumour supressor genes

1st degree relative under 40 years OR male OR bilateral
More than one 1st degree relative OR two 2nd degree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the screening rules for known BRCA mutations?

A

Annual MRI 30-49 years

Annual mammogram 50-69 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the risk of breast and ovarian cancer with BRCA mutations?

A

BRCA1 - 60% and 40%

BRCA2 - 45% and 10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the criteria for testing for hereditary bowel cancer?

A

Two first degree relative under 60 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the red flags for lung cancer?

A

Over 40 years and haemoptysis, suggestive CXR

Urgent CXR:
Over 40 and recurrent chest infections OR finger clubbing OR 2 of: SOB, cough, fatigue, weight loss, smoker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the red flags for upper GI cancer?

A

Over 40 + jaundice or abdo mass
Over 55 + weight loss + abdo pain or reflux
Dysphagia
Over 60 + weight loss + one of: diarrhoea, abdo pain, constipation, new onset diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the red flags for lower GI cancer?

A

Positive faecal occult blood
Over 40 + abdo pain + weight loss
Over 50 + rectal bleeding
Over 60 + IDA or change in bowel habit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the red flags for gynaelogocial cancer?

A

Ascites
Pelvic mass (fibroids excluded)
Post-menopausal bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the red flags for breast cancer?

A

Over 30 + breast lump

Over 50 + symptoms or nipple change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the red flags for urological cancer?

A

Irregular prostate
Abnormal age specific PSA
Over 40 + visible haematuria
Over 60 + non-visible haematuria + dysuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the criteria for neutropenic sepsis?

A

Temperature over 38, neutrophils less than 0.5/10x9/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which cancers metastasise to bone?

A

Lung, prostate, breast, myeloma, melanoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the red flags for spinal cord compression?

A

Cancer history, thoracic back pain, nocturnal pain, sensory loss, bowel/bladder dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the treatment for spinal cord compression?

A

Admit for bed rest and urgent MRI
Dexamethasone 16mg + PPI
Decompressive surgery/radiotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the signs of SVC obstruction?

A

SOB, orthopnoea, stridor
Plethora or cyanosis
Oedema of face and arm
Engorged neck and chest veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is SVC obstruction treated?

A

Prop up, assess for hypoxia, O2 if needed
16mg dexamethasone
CT
Balloon venoplasty and stenting

17
Q

What is the treatment of hypercalcaemia?

A

Aggressive rehydration

Bisphosphonates e.g. zolendronic acid

18
Q

When does tumour lysis occur?

A

During chemotherapy for rapidly proliferating tumours

Leukaemia, lymphoma, myeloma

19
Q

What are the affects of tumour lysis syndrome?

A

Cell death
High urate, hyperkalaemia, hyperphosphataemia, hypocalcaemia
Risk of arrhythmias and renal failure

20
Q

What is AFP a marker for?

A

Germ cell/testicular cancer

Hepatocellular carcinoma

21
Q

What is calcitonin a marker for?

A

Medullary thyroid tumours

22
Q

What is Ca125 a marker for?

A

Ovarian cancer

23
Q

What is Ca19-9 a marker for?

A

Pancreatic cancer

24
Q

What is Ca15-3 a marker for?

A

Breast cancer

25
Q

What is CEA a marker for?

A

Colorectal cancer

26
Q

What are paraproteins a marker for?

A

Myeloma

27
Q

What cancer screening pathways are available?

A

Mammography - every 3 years, age 50-75
Cervical smear - every 3 years, age 25-64
Faecal occult blood - every 2 years, age 60-74

28
Q

How should opioids for palliative care be started?

A

5mg every 4 hours + 5mg PRN
Increase by 30-50% every 24 hours till pain controlled
Divide daily dose into 2x12hr modified releases
Allow 1/10th-16th as PRN

29
Q

What are the signs of opioid toxicity?

A

Sedation, respiratory depression, hallucination, jerks, delirium

30
Q

Which anti-emetic is contraindicated in PD?

A

Metoclopramide

31
Q

How should breathlessness in be treated in palliative care?

A

Check for underlying effusion, infection, anaemia, VTE
If distressed give opioids
If anxiety related give benzodiazepines

32
Q

Which drugs can be used for end of life care?

A 
Haloperidol for agitation 
Midazolam for agitation and anxiety 
Levomepromazine for nausea 
Glycopyronium for respiratory secretions
Morphine for pain

FINALS (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions