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FINALS > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What is urticaria?

A

Local increase in permeability of capillaries and small venules
Histamine release causes itchy wheals

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2
Q

What is angioedema?

A

Deeper swelling involving the dermis and subcutaneous tissues
Swelling of tongue and lips

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3
Q

What is anaphylaxis?

A

Bronchospasm, facial and laryngeal oedema and hypotension

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4
Q

What is erythema nodosum?

A

Hypersensitivity reaction causing discrete tender nodules that may become confluent usually on shins
Occur with Group A beta haemolytic strep
TB, pregnancy, sarcoidosis, IBD, chlamydia

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5
Q

What is erythema multiforme?

A

Acute self-limiting condition

Mucosa not involved or limited to one surface

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6
Q

What are the features of Stevens-Johnson syndrome?

A

Mucotaneous necrosis with 2 or more mucosal surfaces involved
Skin involved may be extensive or limited

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7
Q

What are the features of toxic epidermal necrosis?

A

Usually drug induced
Extensive skin and mucosal necrosis and system toxicity
Full thickness epidermal necrosis
Leads to sepsis, electrolyte imbalance and multi system organ failure

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8
Q

What are the features of erythroderma?

A

Exfoliative dermatitis involving over 90% of skin surface
Skin is inflamed, oedematous and scaly
Systemically unwell - lymphadenopathy and malaise

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9
Q

What are some causes of erythroderma?

A

Eczema, psoriasis
Lymphoma
Sulfonyureas, penicillin, allopurinol

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10
Q

What are the features of eczema herpeticum?

A

Widespread eruption of crusted papules, blisters and erosions due to herpes simplex
Fever and malaise

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11
Q

What are some complications of eczema herpeticum?

A

Herpes hepatitis, encephalitis, DIC

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12
Q

What is erysipelas?

A

Acute superficial form of cellulitis - well-defined red border

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13
Q

What are the commonest organisms in cellulitis?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

Staphylococcus aureus

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14
Q

What are the features of staphylococcal scalded skin?

A

Production of circulating epidermolytic toxin
Develops in a few hours - days
Scald appearance –> large flaccid bulla –> perineal crusting
Very painful

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15
Q

What is pityriasis?

A

Scaly pale brown patches on upper trunk that fail to tan

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16
Q

What are some clinical features of basal cell carcinomas?

A 
Usually nodular
Small skin coloured papule 
Surface telangiectasia 
Rolled edge
Ulcerated centre
17
Q

What are some treatments for basal cell carcinomas?

A

Surgical excision
Radiotherapy
Imiquimod cream

18
Q

What are some clinical features of squamous cell carcinomas (skin)?

A

Keratoic ill-defined nodules

Locally invasive, can metastasise

19
Q

What are some features that suggest malignant melanoma?

A 
Asymmetrical 
Border irregularity
Colour irregularity 
Diameter >6mm
Evolution - change in size/shape
Symptoms - bleeding/itching
20
Q

What are some treatments for mild acne?

A

Benzoyl peroxide
Topical antibiotics
Topical retinoids

21
Q

What are some treatments for moderate acne?

A

Oral antibiotics

Anti-androgens

22
Q

What are some complications of acne?

A

Hyperpigmentation
Scarring
Deformity

23
Q

What are some clinical features of acne?

A

Inflammatory disease of pilosebaceous follicles

Non-inflammatory lesions, open and closed comedones

24
Q

What are some different types of psoriasis?

A

Chronic plaque - most common
Guttae - raindrop lesions
Seborrhoeic - naso-labial and retro-auricular
Pustular - palmar-plantar

25
Q

What are some different patterns of psoriatic arthropathy?

A

Symmetrical poly arthritis
Spondylosis
Arthritis mutilans
Dactylitis

26
Q

What are some clinical features of bullous pemphigoid?

A

Tense fluid filled blisters on an erythematous base - trunk and limbs
Usually affects the elderly
Autoantibodies against antigens between dermis and epidermis

27
Q

What are some clinical features of pemphigus impetigo?

A

Flaccid easily ruptured blisters forming erosions and crusts - affects mucosal areas
Often middle-aged

28
Q

What are some features of venous ulcers?

A

Painful
Malleolar area
Large, shallow, irregular
Warm skin, pulses present, normal ABPI

29
Q

What are some features of arterial ulcers?

A

Painful, especially at night
Pressure areas
Small, defined, deep, necrotic base
Cold skin, absent pulse, ABPI<0.8

30
Q

What are some features of neuropathic ulcers?

A

Painless, abnormal sensation
Pressure areas
Over calluses
Warm skin, pulses present, peripheral neuropathy

31
Q

What are some features of lichen planus?

A

Itchy flat topped papules symmetrical distribution
Lacey white streaks
Forearms, wrists, legs

32
Q

What are some differentials for purpura?

A

Meningococcal septicaemia
DIC
Vasculitis
Senile purpura

33
Q

What are some clinical features of DIC?

A

Trauma, sepsis, cancer, CLF

Spontaneous bleeding - ENT, GI, respiratory

34
Q

What are some clinical features of vasculitis purpura?

A

Painful lesions

Legs, buttocks, flanks

35
Q

What are some clinical features of senile purpura?

A

Elderly, sun damage
On extensors
Systemically well

36
Q

What are some side effects of retinoids?

A

Dry skin, lips and eyes
Abnormal LFTs and lipids
Teratogenic

FINALS (19 decks)

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