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Variety of living organisms Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q
A
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2
Q

Prokaryote

A

They do not have a true nucleus
They do not have membrane bound organelles

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3
Q

Eukaryote

A

They have a nucleus
They have membrane bound organelles

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4
Q

Prokaryote

A

Bacteria

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5
Q

Eukaryote

A

Protista
Fungi
Plant
Animal

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6
Q

5 kingdoms

A

Bacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plant
Animal

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7
Q

Unicellular or multicellular: plants

A

Multicellular

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8
Q

Their cells contain chloroplast: plants

A

It does

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9
Q

Feed: plants

A

By photosynthesis

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10
Q

Unicellular or multicellular: animal

A

Multicellular

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11
Q

Their cells contain chloroplast: animal

A

Do not contain chloroplast

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12
Q

Has nervous coordination: animal

A

They have

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13
Q

carry out photosynthesis: animals

A

Are not able to carry photosynthesis

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14
Q

Cell wall: animals

A

They have no cell wall

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15
Q

Able to move from one place to another: animals

A

They are able to

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16
Q

Stores carbohydrates as: animals

A

Glycogen

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17
Q

carry out photosynthesis: plants

A

they are able to carry out photosynthesis

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18
Q

Cell wall is made up of: plants

A

Cellulose

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19
Q

Stores carbohydrates as: plants

A

Sucrose or starch

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20
Q

Has nervous coordination: plants

A

Does not

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21
Q

Protista (protoctists) (4)

A

These are microscopic single-celled organisms
Some like amoeba are like animal cells
While some like chlorella have chloroplast and so are more like plants
A pathogenic example is plasmodium which causes malaria

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22
Q

Fungi (unicellular or multicellular)

A

Unicellular like yeast
Multicellular like mould

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23
Q

Fungi cell

A

Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Vacuole
Cell memberane
cell wall

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24
Q

Fungi (11)

A

They are not able to carry out photosynthesis
Their cells do not contain chloroplast
They feed by saprotrophic nutrition
(Multicellular) Their body is usually organized into a mycelium made from thread like structures called hyphae
Some fungi are parasitic and feed on living organisms
Their cells have a cell wall made of chitin
They feed on extracellula secretions of
digestive enzymes onto food materials and absorption of the organic products this is known as saprotrophic nutrition
Some fungi store carbohydrates as glycogen
Examples like mucor which has the typical hyphal structure
And yeast is single-celled
They are usually multicellular but some are single-celled
Their cells contain a nucleus with a distinct membrane

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25
Q

carry out photosynthesis: fungi

A

They are not able to

26
Q

Their cells contain chloroplast: fungi

A

Do not contain chloroplast

27
Q

Feed by: fungi

A

Saprotrophic nutrition

28
Q

Saprotrophic nutrition

A

Hyphae secretes digestive enzymes onto the food
Enzymes breakdown food into soluble substances like sugar
Mould absorbs the digested products

29
Q

Viruses and their causes: influenza

A

Causes flu

30
Q

Viruses and their causes: HIV virus

A

Causes AIDS

31
Q

Viruses and their causes: Tobacco mosaic virus

A

Causes discolouring of the leaves of tobacco plants preventing the formation of chloroplast

32
Q
A
33
Q
A
34
Q

Pathogens

A

Is any microorganism that causes disease in another organism (in plants or animals)

35
Q

Pathogens examples

A

Fungi
Bacteria
Protoctists
Viruses

36
Q

Living organisms or non living: viruses

A

are not living organisms

37
Q

Smaller or larger than bacteria: viruses

A

smaller

38
Q

Are parasitic or not parasitic

A

Are parasitic

39
Q

MRS GREN: viruses

A

Can only reproduce inside living cells

40
Q

Viruses infect

A

Every type of organism

41
Q

Reproduction in viruses

A
42
Q

Examples of viruses

A

Tobacco mosaic virus
Influenza virus
HIV virus

43
Q

Viruses don’t have

A

A nucleus or cytoplasm

44
Q

Structure of virus: genetic material DNA or RNA

A

The genetic material can be either DNA or RNA having genes enough just to reproduce in host cell

45
Q

Structure of virus: protein coat

A

Used for protection of genetic material

46
Q

Envelope

A

It is a ‘stolen cell membrane’ from host cell. Viruses do not make this nor do all viruses have this too

47
Q

Bacterium

A

They are microscopic single-celled organisms

48
Q

Structure of bacteria

A

Nucleoid (DNA)
Plasmids
Cytoplasm
Capsule
Cell wall
Flagellum
Plasma membrane

49
Q

Structure of bacteria: cell wall

A

Gives protection to the cell and keeps the shape of the cell.
It is made up of peptidoglycan

50
Q

Structure of bacteria: plasma membrane

A

Controls the movement of substances in and out of cells

51
Q

Structure of bacteria: Capsule

A

Gives extra protection for some bacteria

52
Q

Structure of bacteria: Cytoplasm

A

Site where chemical reactions take place

53
Q

Structure of bacteria: Nucleoid (DNA)

A

No true nucleus but DNA lies loosely in the cytoplasm

54
Q

Structure of bacteria: plasmids

A

Small circular rings of DNA carrying some bacterial genes

55
Q

Structure of bacteria: flagellum

A

Present only in moving bacteria which helps bacteria to move through water by rotating it

56
Q

Nutrition in bacteria

A

Feed on other living or dead organisms- decomposes
Carry out photosynthesis

57
Q

Examples of bacteria:

A

Lactobacillus
Pneumococcus

58
Q

Lactobacillus

A

Used in production of yogurt from milk

59
Q

Pneumococcus

A

Is a pathogen causing pneumonia

60
Q
A
61
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62
Q
A

Bio (22 decks)

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