Reproduction Flashcards
Reproduction
Sexual
Asexual
Asexual
The process resulting in genetically identical offspring being produced from one parent
Sexual
The process resulting in genetically different offspring being produced from two parents
Sexual and asexual reproduction: number of parent organisms
Asexual: one
Sexual: two
Sexual and asexual reproduction: type of cell division required to produce offspring
Asexual: mitosis
Sexual: meiosis
Sexual and asexual reproduction: level of genetic similarity between offspring
Asexual: genetically identical to each other (and to the parents)
Sexual: genetically unique (and genetically different from both parents)
Sexual and asexual reproduction: Source of genetic variation in offspring
Sexual and asexual reproduction: number of offspring produced
Asexual: usually relatively large numbers
Sexual: usually relatively limited numbers
Sexual and asexual reproduction: Time taken to produce offspring
Asexual: usually relatively fast
Sexual: usually relatively slowly
Asexual reproduction in plants: natural method
A new plant is produced where the runner touches the ground
Example: runners
Asexual reproduction in plants: artificial method
Using plant cutting to reproduce plants from existing plants
Example: cuttings
Sexual reproduction in plants
Flowers are the reproductive organs of the plants.
They usually contain both male and female reproductive parts
Pollination
Transfer of pollen grain from anther to stigma
Pollination
Self-pollination
Cross-pollination
Self-pollination
Transfer of pollen grain form anther to stigma of the same flower or different flower in the same plant
Cross-pollination
Transfer of pollen grain from anther to stigma to a flower in a different plant of same species
Pollinators
Insects
Wind
Fertilisation
The fusion of male and female nuclei to form zygote
Role of amniotic fluid
To protect the foetus from physical damage, absorbing any bumps and bangs.
To allow the foetus some restricted movement.
Role of placenta
Allows embryo to obtain materials such as oxygen and nutrients from mother’s blood.
Allows embryo to get rid of waste products such as urea and carbon dioxide.
Secretes hormones such as progesterone which maintain pregnancy without aborting.