Gas exchange

Question 2

Impacts of smoking on body (6)

Answer 2

Brain disease
Lung disease
Weak bones
Heart disease
Gastrointestinal disease
Yellow teeth

Question 3

Nicotine

Answer 3

It narrow blood vessels leading to an increased blood pressure.
It also increases heart rate.
Both of these effects can cause blood clots to form in the arteries leading to heart attack or stroke

Question 4

Carbon monoxide

Answer 4

Binds irreversibly to haemoglobin reducing the caps of blood to carry oxygen

Question 5

Effects of carbon monoxide

Answer 5

Breathing frequency and depth increases in order to get the same amount of oxygen into the blood.
Heart pumps faster around the body and increases the risk of coronary heart disease and strokes

Question 6

Tar

Answer 6

Is carcinogen and is linked to increased chances of cancerous cells developing in the lungs.
It contributes to chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) which occurs when chronic bronchitis and emphysema occur together

Question 7

Chronic bronchitis

Answer 7

Is caused by tar which stimulates goblet cells and muscles glands to enlarge producing more mucus

Question 8

Emphysema

Answer 8

Develops as a result of frequent infection where phagocytes that enter the lungs release elastase an enzyme that breaks down the elastic fibres in the alveoli

Question 9

Lung cancer

Answer 9

Is caused by carcinogens present in the tar of cigarette smoke.
Cancer happens when cells mutate and start to divide uncontrollably forming a tumor