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Co-ordination and response Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q
A
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2
Q

Homeostasis

A

Is the maintenance of a constant internal environment

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3
Q

Example of homeostasis

A

Body water content
Body temperature

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4
Q

Glands

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A gland is an organ that releases or secretes a substance

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5
Q

Exocrine glands

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They have a duct

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6
Q

Endocrine glands

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They do not have a duct

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7
Q

Pituitary glands

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Produced hormones like FSH, LH which are involved in the menstrual cycle and ADH a which controls water level in the body

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8
Q

Pancreas

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Produces insulin and glucagon which are involved in the control of blood sugar

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9
Q

Adrenal glands

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Produced adrenaline that prepares the body for action

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10
Q

Ovary

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Produced estrogen (female sex hormone) and progesterone which is involved in menstrual cycle

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11
Q

Testis

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Produces the testosterone (male sex hormone)

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12
Q

Hormones

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Hormones are chemical molecules produced by endocrine gland and carried by the blood from endocrine to specific target organs glands to all parts of the body. They affect specific cells called target cells

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13
Q

Hormones & nervous control: hormones

A

Communication is by chemicals called hormones
Transmission is in the blood to all parts of the body. Only target organs respond
Slows transmission
Slow and long-lasting response
Response is widespread
Effect maybe be permanent and irreversible

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14
Q

Hormones & nervous control:

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Communication is by nervous impulses.
Transmission is by neurones and travels to specific part of the body.
Fast transmission
Fast and short-lived response
Response is localised
Effect is temporary and reversible

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15
Q

Adrenaline

A

Adrenaline prepares you for action

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16
Q

Effect of adrenaline

A

Pupils dilate so more light enters for better vision.
Increased heart rate sends more blood to the muscles so they receive more glucose and oxygen in respiration.
Deeper and faster breathing as body takes up more oxygen into the body.
Blood is diverted from intestines to intestines so more glucose and oxygen is available for muscles.
Stored glycogen converted back to glucose so more glucose is readily available for respiration.

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17
Q

Insulin

A

Regulates blood sugar

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18
Q

Effect of insulin

A

After a meal when blood glucose level increases, insulin is released from pancreas to decrease it.
1. Increasing its uptake by liver cells
2. Increasing its uptake by muscle cells
Inside these cells, glucose is converted to glycogen and stored

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19
Q

Tropism

A

A tropism is a growth movement in response to directional stimulus. Plants grow towards or away from stimuli

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20
Q

Stimuli affecting plant

A

Light
Gravity
Water

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21
Q

Positive tropism

A

A growth movement towards a stimulus

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22
Q

Negative tropism

A

A growth movement away from a stimulus

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23
Q

Phototropism

A

Growth response to light from one direction

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24
Q

Geotropism

A

Growth response to the direction of gravity

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25
Q

Auxin

A

Stimulates growth

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26
Q

Components of a coordinated behavior

A

Stimulus to receptor to coordinator to effector to response

27
Q

Stimulus

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A stimulus is a change inside or outside the body that creates a response

28
Q

Receptor

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They detect the stimulus by changing its energy into electrical energy of nerve impulses

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A
30
Q

Coordinator

A

The receive and process Information from receptors. They are comprised of brain and spinal cord.
Nerves carry impulses to and from the coordinator

31
Q

Effector

A

They bring about responses to return the body to optimum. They are comprised of muscles and glands

32
Q

Response

A

The change brought in response to a stimuli

33
Q

Nervous system

A

Central nervous system (CNS)
Pheripheral nervous system (PNS)

34
Q

Nerve

A

Nerves are bundles of nerve fibres

35
Q

Motor nerves

A

Carry impulses of motor neurones

36
Q

Sensory nerves

A

Carry impulses of sensory neurones

37
Q

Neurone

A

The biological name for a nerve cell is called a neurone. They are specialised for the rapid transmission of impulses throughout the organism

38
Q
A
39
Q

Types of neurone

A

Sensory neurone
Motor neurone
Relay neurone

40
Q

Sensory neurone

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Sensory neurones carry impulses from sense organs to the CNS (brain or spinal cord)

41
Q

Relay neurone

A

Relay neurones are found inside the CNS and connect sensory and motor neurones

42
Q

Motor neurone

A

Motor neurones carry impulses from the CNS to effector (muscles or glands)

43
Q
A
44
Q

Reflex actions

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It is a rapid and automatic response to a stimulus by an organ or organs without conscious thought

45
Q
A
46
Q

Receptor cells

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Are cells that detect stimuli

47
Q

Effector

A

Is a muscle or gland that brings about a response

48
Q

Coordination centre

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Such as the brain or spinal cord receives and processes information from receptors and initiate responses

49
Q

Effect of auxin

A

Stimulates cell elongation in plant shoots

50
Q

.

A
51
Q

Examples of hormone of endocrine glands

A

Ovaries
Testes
Pituitary gland
Pancreas
Adrenal gland

52
Q

Central nervous system

A

Brain
Spinal cord

53
Q

The eye when objects are close

A

Ciliary muscles contract
Suspensory ligaments slacken
Lens becomes fatter

54
Q

The eye when the object is far away

A

Ciliary muscle relaxes
Suspensory ligaments pulled tight
Lens becomes thinner

55
Q

The eye in a dark environment

A

Photoreceptors detect change in environment (dark)
Radial muscles contract
Circular muscles relax
Pupil dilates (diameter of pupil widens)
More light enters the eye

56
Q

The eye in bright light

A

Photoreceptors detect change in environment (bright)
Radial muscles relax
Circular muscles contract
Pupils constricts (diameter of pupil narrows)
Less light enters the eye

57
Q

Sensory receptors example

A

Eye
Ear
Skin
Nose
Tongue

57
Q

Receptors

A

They detect the stimulus

58
Q

Contain receptors sensitive to: ear

A

Sound

59
Q

Contain receptors sensitive to: eye

A

Light

60
Q

Contain receptors sensitive to: skin

A

Touch

61
Q

Contain receptors sensitive to: nose

A

Smell

62
Q

Contain receptors sensitive to: tongue

A

Taste

63
Q
A

Bio (22 decks)

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