Co-ordination and response

Question 2

Homeostasis

Answer 2

Is the maintenance of a constant internal environment

Question 3

Example of homeostasis

Answer 3

Body water content
Body temperature

Question 4

Glands

Answer 4

A gland is an organ that releases or secretes a substance

Question 5

Exocrine glands

Answer 5

They have a duct

Question 6

Endocrine glands

Answer 6

They do not have a duct

Question 7

Pituitary glands

Answer 7

Produced hormones like FSH, LH which are involved in the menstrual cycle and ADH a which controls water level in the body

Question 8

Pancreas

Answer 8

Produces insulin and glucagon which are involved in the control of blood sugar

Question 9

Adrenal glands

Answer 9

Produced adrenaline that prepares the body for action

Question 10

Ovary

Answer 10

Produced estrogen (female sex hormone) and progesterone which is involved in menstrual cycle

Question 11

Testis

Answer 11

Produces the testosterone (male sex hormone)

Question 12

Hormones

Answer 12

Hormones are chemical molecules produced by endocrine gland and carried by the blood from endocrine to specific target organs glands to all parts of the body. They affect specific cells called target cells

Question 13

Hormones & nervous control: hormones

Answer 13

Communication is by chemicals called hormones
Transmission is in the blood to all parts of the body. Only target organs respond
Slows transmission
Slow and long-lasting response
Response is widespread
Effect maybe be permanent and irreversible

Question 14

Hormones & nervous control:

Answer 14

Communication is by nervous impulses.
Transmission is by neurones and travels to specific part of the body.
Fast transmission
Fast and short-lived response
Response is localised
Effect is temporary and reversible

Question 15

Adrenaline

Answer 15

Adrenaline prepares you for action

Question 16

Effect of adrenaline

Answer 16

Pupils dilate so more light enters for better vision.
Increased heart rate sends more blood to the muscles so they receive more glucose and oxygen in respiration.
Deeper and faster breathing as body takes up more oxygen into the body.
Blood is diverted from intestines to intestines so more glucose and oxygen is available for muscles.
Stored glycogen converted back to glucose so more glucose is readily available for respiration.

Question 17

Insulin

Answer 17

Regulates blood sugar

Question 18

Effect of insulin

Answer 18

After a meal when blood glucose level increases, insulin is released from pancreas to decrease it.
1. Increasing its uptake by liver cells
2. Increasing its uptake by muscle cells
Inside these cells, glucose is converted to glycogen and stored

Question 19

Tropism

Answer 19

A tropism is a growth movement in response to directional stimulus. Plants grow towards or away from stimuli

Question 20

Stimuli affecting plant

Answer 20

Light
Gravity
Water

Question 21

Positive tropism

Answer 21

A growth movement towards a stimulus

Question 22

Negative tropism

Answer 22

A growth movement away from a stimulus

Question 23

Phototropism

Answer 23

Growth response to light from one direction

Question 24

Geotropism

Answer 24

Growth response to the direction of gravity

Question 25

Auxin

Answer 25

Stimulates growth

Question 26

Components of a coordinated behavior

Answer 26

Stimulus to receptor to coordinator to effector to response

Question 27

Stimulus

Answer 27

A stimulus is a change inside or outside the body that creates a response

Question 28

Receptor

Answer 28

They detect the stimulus by changing its energy into electrical energy of nerve impulses

Question 30

Coordinator

Answer 30

The receive and process Information from receptors. They are comprised of brain and spinal cord. Nerves carry impulses to and from the coordinator

Question 31

Effector

Answer 31

They bring about responses to return the body to optimum. They are comprised of muscles and glands

Question 32

Response

Answer 32

The change brought in response to a stimuli

Question 33

Nervous system

Answer 33

Central nervous system (CNS) Pheripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 34

Nerve

Answer 34

Nerves are bundles of nerve fibres

Question 35

Motor nerves

Answer 35

Carry impulses of motor neurones

Question 36

Sensory nerves

Answer 36

Carry impulses of sensory neurones

Question 37

Neurone

Answer 37

The biological name for a nerve cell is called a neurone. They are specialised for the rapid transmission of impulses throughout the organism

Question 39

Types of neurone

Answer 39

Sensory neurone Motor neurone Relay neurone

Question 40

Sensory neurone

Answer 40

Sensory neurones carry impulses from sense organs to the CNS (brain or spinal cord)

Question 41

Relay neurone

Answer 41

Relay neurones are found inside the CNS and connect sensory and motor neurones

Question 42

Motor neurone

Answer 42

Motor neurones carry impulses from the CNS to effector (muscles or glands)

Question 44

Reflex actions

Answer 44

It is a rapid and automatic response to a stimulus by an organ or organs without conscious thought

Question 46

Receptor cells

Answer 46

Are cells that detect stimuli

Question 47

Effector

Answer 47

Is a muscle or gland that brings about a response

Question 48

Coordination centre

Answer 48

Such as the brain or spinal cord receives and processes information from receptors and initiate responses

Question 49

Effect of auxin

Answer 49

Stimulates cell elongation in plant shoots

Question 50

.

Question 51

Examples of hormone of endocrine glands

Answer 51

Ovaries Testes Pituitary gland Pancreas Adrenal gland

Question 52

Central nervous system

Answer 52

Brain Spinal cord

Question 53

The eye when objects are close

Answer 53

Ciliary muscles contract Suspensory ligaments slacken Lens becomes fatter

Question 54

The eye when the object is far away

Answer 54

Ciliary muscle relaxes Suspensory ligaments pulled tight Lens becomes thinner

Question 55

The eye in a dark environment

Answer 55

Photoreceptors detect change in environment (dark) Radial muscles contract Circular muscles relax Pupil dilates (diameter of pupil widens) More light enters the eye

Question 56

The eye in bright light

Answer 56

Photoreceptors detect change in environment (bright) Radial muscles relax Circular muscles contract Pupils constricts (diameter of pupil narrows) Less light enters the eye

Question 57

Sensory receptors example

Answer 57

Eye Ear Skin Nose Tongue

Question 57

Receptors

Answer 57

They detect the stimulus

Question 58

Contain receptors sensitive to: ear

Answer 58

Sound

Question 59

Contain receptors sensitive to: eye

Answer 59

Light

Question 60

Contain receptors sensitive to: skin

Answer 60

Touch

Question 61

Contain receptors sensitive to: nose

Answer 61

Smell

Question 62

Contain receptors sensitive to: tongue

Answer 62

Taste