Variety of Living Organisms

Question 1

name the differences between plant and animal cells

Answer 1

both EUKARYOTIC

PLANTS: chloroplasts, cellulose cell wall, carbohydrates as starch or sucrose, permanent vacuole.

ANIMALS: no chloroplasts, no cell wall, carbohydrates as glycogen.

Question 2

FUNGI (8 points)

Answer 2

• EUKARYOTIC.
• no photosynthesis.
• mycelium made from hyphae (MANY NUCLEI).
• some single celled some multicellular.
• cell walls made of CHITIN.
• feed by SAPROTROPHIC NUTRITION.
• store carbohydrates as glycogen.
• examples: MUCOR and YEAST.

Question 3

PROTOCTISTS

Answer 3

• EUKARYOTIC.
• microscopic SINGLE CELLED organisms.
• some (AMOEBA) have features like an animal cell.
• others (CHLORELLA) have chloroplasts and are more like plants.
• Pathogenic example = PLASMODIUM (causes malaria)

Question 4

BACTERIA

Answer 4

• PROKARYOTIC.
• single celled.
• have CELL WALL, CELL MEMBRANE, CYTOPLASM, PLASMIDS.
• don’t have a nucleus but have a CIRCULAR CHROMOSOME of DNA.
• some can carry out photosynthesis but most feed of living or dead organisms.
• example = LACTOBACILLUS BULGARICUS and PNEUMOCOCCUS (causes pneumonia)

Question 5

VIRUSES

Answer 5

• not living organisms.
• parasitic, can only reproduce inside a living host cell.
• no cellular structure but have a PROTEIN COAT and contain either DNA or RNA.
• examples TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS (discolouring of tobacco plant leaves by preventing formation of chloroplasts) INFLUENZA (causes flu) HIV (causes AIDS)

Question 6

what is a pathogen?

Answer 6

a microorganism that can cause disease. may include fungi, bacteria, protoctists or viruses.