variations of milgrams study

Question 1

origonal vs variation location

Answer 1

-original was at Yale
-variation was in a run down office block

Question 2

what happened at the variation location and why

Answer 2

-obedience fell to 47.5% delivering the max volt
-at Yale, some ppts said the location gave them confidence in the integrity of people involved
-would not shock the learner if research was carried out elsewhere
-higher authority at Yale than run down office block led to higher obedience

Question 3

what were the variations in uniform

Answer 3

-in baseline study experimenter wore grey lab coat as a symbol of authority
-in the variation, experimenter called away because of an inconvenient phone call and an “ordinary member of public” in everyday clothes took over the role of experimenter

Question 4

why does uniform impact obedience

Answer 4

-uniforms are easily recognised and convey power and authority

Question 5

impact of variation of uniform on obedience

Answer 5

-obedience dropped to 20%

Question 6

what were the three variations of proximity

Answer 6

-same room
-force hand on plate
-remote instruction

Question 7

what happened in the same room (proximity)

Answer 7

-obedience was 40%, teacher able to experience the learners anguish more directly

Question 8

what happened when forced hand on plate (proximity)

Answer 8

-teacher had to force the learners hand onto an “electro-shock plate” if he refused
-obedience dropped to 30%

Question 9

what happened when given a remote instruction (proximity)

Answer 9

-experimenter left room and gave instructions over telephone
-obedience was 20.5%
-the ppts also pretended to give shocks

Question 10

what’s an agentic state

Answer 10

-when a person acts on behalf of an authority figure/person of a higher status
-the actor feels no personal responsibility or guilt for their actions

Question 11

what does the agent experience in the agentic state

Answer 11

-moral strain (high anxiety)
-realise what they’re doing is wrong but feel powerless to disobey

Question 12

what did Milgram propose because of Eichmann

Answer 12

-obedience to destructive authority occurs because a person doesn’t take responsibility

Question 13

what is the opposite to an agentic state

Answer 13

-autonomous state
-when the people act according to their own principles

Question 14

whats the shift from autonomy to agency called

Answer 14

-agentic shift

Question 15

when does agentic shift occur according to milgram

Answer 15

-when a person perceives someone else as an authority figure
-when confronted with authority figure

Question 16

why do authority figures have greater power

Answer 16

-because they have a higher position in social hierarchy

Question 17

why do so many people remain in an agentic state

Answer 17

-binding factors

Question 18

what are binding factors

Answer 18

aspects of the situation that allow the person to ignore or minimise the damaging effects of their behaviour
-reducing the moral strain they’re feeling

Question 19

strategies of binding factors

Answer 19

-shifting responsibility to the victim
-denying the damage they were doing to the victims

Question 20

evidence from milgrams study that supports binding factors

Answer 20

-when the experimenter said he would take responsibility if mr wallace was harmed they continued with the procedure

Question 21

negative side of the agentic state

Answer 21

-it does not explain many research findings about obedience
-such as the disobedience of nurses in the study by Rank and Jacobson, nurses stayed autonomous even though the doctor was an authority figure