Variation And Evolution Flashcards
What is continuous and discontinuous evolution
Continuous comes in a range eg height
Discontinuous comes in set groups eg eye colour
What are 3 causes of variation
Genetic factors environmental factors and random genetic mutations
Explain how mutation could lead to a rapid change in a species
Introducing a beneficial trait, provides a selective advantage, individuals with this mutation may have higher survival and reproduction rates resulting in a lineage of offspring with this trait, this is due to natural selection.
What is speciation
The process by which new species from the original species
Explain how you would know if 2 populations of one original species had become 2 new species
2 populations of the same original species can. Be considered as 2 new species if they have significant genetic differences and can no longer mate with each other to produce viable offspring
How many years ago did simple life forms develop
More than 3 billion years ago
What 2 sources of developing knowledge was used by Darwin
Fossils and observations
Darwin was unable to explain how characteristics are passed onto offspring what explanation has since been found
Genetics, including Mendelian inheritance (how traits are passed on from parents to offspring) and the role of DNA
What is a phenotype
The physical characteristics of an organism
What is a genotype
The collection of genes and organism has
Give 5 factors that can cause a species to become extinct
Habitat loss
Invasive species
Overexploitation
Climate change
Pollution
Suggest how some hares evolved to have smaller ears than hares in warmer climates
Natural selection: in colder climates minimising heat loss is crucial for survival, hares with smaller ears may have been better suited to retain heat . Over time, individuals with smaller ears would have had a survival advantage, leading to their increased representation in the population through natural selection. This evolutionary process favoured the prevalence of smaller eared hares in colder climates demonstrating adaption to environmental conditions
What is another name for selective breeding
Artificial selection
What is selective breeding
Choosing plants/ animals with desirable traits and breed them together to make offspring with those traits over time, this can change the characteristics of the population, making the species better suited for human needs
Suggest why dairy farmers use selective breeding
To increase milk production in cattle