Cell Structure Flashcards
What is a eukaryote
Complex cells that contain a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
Give an example of a eukaryotic organism
Dog
What is a prokaryote
Simple cells which lack a nucleus and membrane bound organelles and are smaller than eukaryotic cells
What is an organelle
A sub cellular structure that has one or more specific job to perform in the cell eg. Nucleus
Function of a nucleus
Contains genetic information as genes on chromosomes and controls the activities of the cell
What is the function of the cytoplasm
Transports materials around the cell such as nutrients
What is the function of the cell membrane
Controlling what goes in and out of the cell
What is the function of ribosomes
Protein synthesis
What is the function of mitochondria
Uses aerobic respiration to produce energy needed for the cell to survive and function
Example of a prokaryotic cell
Bacterium
What is a plasmid
Loops of DNA found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells
What is the function of the cell wall
Protects the internal contents of the cell, providing strength and structure
What is DNA
The chemical making up the genetic material of all living organisms
What is the equation for magnification
Size of image /size of real object
How do magnification and resolution compare between electron and light microscopes
Both magnification and resolution are much higher with electron microscopes
Explain how microscopy has increased understanding of subcelular structures
Produces clearer/ more detailed images so we can see smaller structures eg. Ribosomes which we wont be able to see with a light microscope
When may an iodine stain be used to view a sample of a tissue
When the specimen is colourless
What is the purpose of adjustment knobs
Adjusting focus
If you want to see cells at a greater magnification what steps should you take
Move the stage down if it is too close to the lense using the adjustment knobs and then choose an objective lease with a higher magnification
How to produce an accurate and useful drawing of a cell
Use clear unbroken lines
Use a ruler to draw label lines
No shading
Structure and function of a root hair cell
Long finger like projection increases surface area for absorption of water
Structure and function of a xylem
Cells that are hollow in the centre and have no end cell walls form a continuous tube for transporting water from roots to leaves
Structure and function of a phloem
Very few subcellular structures and holes in the end cell walls allow dissolved sugars to move from one cell to the next
What is specialisation
As an organism develops some of its cells develop different structures and change into different types of cells allowing the cells to carry out specific functions
