variables

Question 1

variables

Answer 1

The only thing that should have an effect on the DV is the IV, this should be clearly defined.
However there are other factors apart from the IV that can have an effect on the DV and these are called extraneous variables or confounding variables.

Question 2

extraneous variables

Answer 2

Any variable, other than the IV which may have an effect on the DV if it is not controlled. Where possible, these are identified at the start of the study and steps are taken to minimise their influence.

Question 3

confounding variables

Answer 3

Any variable other than the IV which may have had an effect on the DV, so that we cannot be sure of the true source of changes to the DV. Essentially variables that confuse the results.

Question 4

operationalisation of variables

Answer 4

To operationalise a variable means that it is clearly defined so that it can be manipulated and measured.
Also means to clearly define observable actions/ behaviours that are going to be recorded. This enables the behaviour being observed to be measured objectively.
Some variables are easy to define or measure, others can be trickier.