control

Question 1

participant variables

Answer 1

Differences between participants.

Question 2

order effects

Answer 2

How the positioning of the tasks affects the outcome.

Question 3

random allocation

Answer 3

An attempt to control participant variables in an independent groups design, thus ensuring each participant has the same chance of being in one condition as in the other.

Question 4

counterbalancing

Answer 4

useful way to minimise order effects.

Question 5

standardisation

Answer 5

To use exactly the same formalised procedures and instructions for all participants in an attempt to avoid investigator effects caused by different instructions. In addition the same scoring techniques and environment must be identical for all participants tested.

Question 6

randomisation

Answer 6

Order of tasks, presentation of data, etc. is decided on by the toss of a coin or another random method of selection to control order effects.