Valvular Heart Disease (and hypertension) Flashcards
Hypertension
Systemic Hypertension: BP >140/90
Hypertension
Essential (1º) - “90%”
is _________
Idiopathic
–> Rule out other possible causes (medication, etc.)
Hypertension Secondary
- Renal disease (i.e., diabetes, renal artery stenosis)
- Endocrine (i.e., adrenal neoplasm, steroid medication)
- Cardiovascular: e.g. coarctation
Sustained pressure overload on the left ventricle leads to ________ hypertrophy of myofibers
concentric
Additional sarcomeres / myofibrils added to existing cardiomyocytes
Causes of Myocyte Hypertrophy
HTN
Valve Disease
MI
–> hypertrophy–> cardiac dysfx
Hypertrophy: Microscopic Evaluation
- box car nuclei
- Same number of myocytes
- Increased number of sarcomeres
Systemic Hypertension – Left Ventricle
. Often silent … so treatment doesn’t effect noticeable change for most individuals
Can manifest with headache, dizziness
Systemic Hypertension – Left Ventricle Complications
- Atherosclerosis/aneurysm
- Cerebral vascular disease
( Ischemic) - Kidney- (Glomerulosclerosis)
- CHF (pulmonary edema, RHF)
_________ Key cause of “chronic renal disease”; often along with diabetic renal disease
Kidney response to HTN
a. Arteriolosclerosis
b. Glomerulosclerosis
Pulmonary Hypertension – Right Ventricle
- Hypertrophy
- Dilation
Pulmonary
Hypertension
high blood pressure that affects the arteries in the lungs and the right side of your heart.
pulmonary arteries become narrowed. This makes it harder for blood to flow through your lungs, and raises pressure within your lungs’ arteries
Right Heart Failure leads to _____ in the gut
“Passive” Congestion of Liver
Right heart failure will have
ascites,
lower leg edema
Centrilobular Congestion
“Nutmeg Liver”
Valves of the heart
mitral/tricuspid (with chordae and pap muscles)
Pulm/Aortic
Findings of Mitral Stenosis
Enlarger LA
Thick mitral leafs
