Cardiac EC Coupling & Calcium Handling II Flashcards

1
Q

Norepinephrine released by sympathetic nerve terminals and circulating epinephrine act to 1

A

Increase Heart Rate (positive chronotropy) by raising the firing rate of pacemaker cells in the SA node.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Norepinephrine released by sympathetic nerve terminals and circulating epinephrine act to 2

A

Increase Contractile Force (positive inotropy)

activation b-adrenergic receptors, elevation of cytoplasmic cAMP, and activation of Protein Kinase A (PKA).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Norepinephrine released by sympathetic nerve terminals and circulating epinephrine act to 3

A

Increase Rate of Relaxation (positive lusitropy)

activation b-adrenergic receptors, elevation of cytoplasmic cAMP, and activation of Protein Kinase A (PKA).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

inotropy

A

an agent that alters the force or energy of muscular contractions. Negatively inotropic agents weaken the force of muscular contractions. Positively inotropic agents increase the strength of muscular contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

lusitropy

A

myocardial relaxation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Four important targets for Protein Kinase A (PKA) in cardiomyocytes are

A

The L-type Ca2+ channel
RyR2
Phospholamban (PLB)
Troponin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

L-type Ca2+ channel

A

Phosphorylation of the channel increases the amplitude of the L-type Ca2+ current, increasing

(i) the trigger for activation of RyR2 and over time
(ii) the SR Ca2+ content

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Phosphorylation causes PLB to dissociate from SERCA2, and thus _____________ , which speeds relaxation and increases SR Ca2+ content.

A

increases Ca2+ pumping into the SR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

long QT, which causes the heart muscle to take longer than usual to recharge between beats.

symptoms include immune deficiency and cognitive abnormalities.

A

Timothy Syndrome

Linked to de novo mutations in CaV1.2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

shortened Q-T interval
associated with a number of ECG alterations
linked to mutations of the cardiac sodium channel

A

Brugada Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

______ causes the heart muscle to take longer than usual to recharge between beats.

A

Prolonged QT syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

do not display ECG abnormalities at rest, but do display abnormalities upon exercise or infusion of catecholamines.
dominant mutations in RyR2
b blockers are a standard therapy

A

Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (CPVT).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

debilitating disorder resulting in syncope, cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death.
patients display intermittent hypoglycemia, immune deficiency and cognitive abnormalities including autism.

A

Timothy Syndrome

Linked to de novo mutations in CaV1.2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly