C- Overview and Anatomy Flashcards
Cells Have Needs like (6)
Nutrients (glucose, amino acids) Oxygen Waste Removal (CO2, Lactic Acid) Constant temperature Constant pH Constant isomolarity
CV system provides this
The function of the cardiovascular system is to maintain ______________
homeostasis
Three Parts to the Cardiovascular System
Heart - pump
Blood- transportation mechanism
Vasculature tubing-exchange system
Left side is higher pressure, serves the________
systemic circulation
Right side is lower pressure, serves the ___________
pulmonary circulation
Low pressure
single pathway through a single set of capillary beds
Pulmonary circulation:
Higher pressure
Mostly arranged in parallel
Systemic circulation
oxygenated blood usually only visits one organ system before returning to heart
parallel arrangement
Functional Anatomy of the Heart:
Rule of 4
4 Chambers, 4 Vessels, and 4 Valves
Vessels of the heart
sup. vena cava
inf. vena cave
aorta
pulm a. & v.
Ventricles are
main pumping chambers
Atria are
Smaller “priming” chambers
Valves of the heart
tricuspid valve
pulm valve
aortic valve
mitral valve
Layers of the heart wall
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
Pericardial Membrane is not
NOT connected to the heart, just surrounds it
Valves are one-way, control direction of blood flow through the heart
Pressure operated – _______
PASSIVE
Atrioventricular valves
tricuspid
mitral
Semilunar valves
outflow valves
aortic and pulm
Valves are __________ control direction of blood flow through the heart
Pressure operated – PASSIVE
one-way
between atria and ventricles
have chordae tendons that attach to papillary muscles in ventricles and help stabilize valves and prevent prolapse of the valves.
Atrioventricular valves
Between ventricles and great arteries
No chordea tendons
Semilunar valves
Automaticity and the heart means
heart beat is myogenic, originates within the heart itself
specialized myocytes
initiates the heartbeat
Sinoatrial Node
between atria and ventricles
slows conduction to allow atrial contraction to precede ventricular contraction
Atrioventricular (AV) node
between AV node and left and right bundle branches in ventricles
fibers on inner walls of ventricles = specialized cardiac myocytes cells that allow fast conduction
coordinated contraction of ventricles
His-Purkinje system
Coronary Circulation
R. main coronary a
left main coronary a
Left Main Coronary Artery
supplies left atrium & ventricle
bifurcates to Left Anterior Descending (LAD) and Circumflex arteries
LAD = “widowmaker”
Right Main Coronary Artery
supplies right atrium & right ventricle
Coronary arteries arise from root of ______
aorta
Anatomy of Resistance Vessels (Arterioles)
Tunica adventitia
Tunica media
Tunica intima
(Arterioles)
outermost layer
connective tissue (collagen & elastin)
Tunica adventitia
(Arterioles)
middle layer
Innervated smooth muscle cells
Controls vessel diameter
Tunica media
(Arterioles) inner layer connective tissue and vascular endothelium Important for signaling Site of atherosclerotic plaque formation
Tunica intima
