AORTIC/PULM VALVES Flashcards
Aortic Valve Pathology can be
- normal
- “bicuspid” (BAV)
- calcific
- rheumatic
Aortic Sclerosis
increases in prevalence w/ age
Aortic Stenosis
increases in prevalence w/ age
calcification is a condition in which calcium deposits form on the aortic valve in the heart. These deposits can cause narrowing at the opening of the aortic valve. This narrowing can become severe enough to reduce blood flow through the aortic valve, a condition called _____________
aortic valve stenosis.
________- is defined as calcification and thickening of a trileaflet aortic valve in the absence of obstruction of ventricular outflow.
Aortic valve sclerosis
Factors responsible for the development of calcific aortic stenosis
Atherosclerotic
Genetic
“Osteoblast phenotype”
Once thought a degenerative disease, the mechanism by which a healthy tricuspid aortic valve becomes stenotic is now believed to be similar to that of __________
atherosclerosis.
The tricuspid aortic valves become stenotic in the sixth, seventh, and eighth decades of life, mainly caused by _____________ and not by fusion of the commissures
calcium deposits in the valve cusps
In developed countries, rheumatic fever has become a very rare cause of aortic stenosis.
When the aortic valve is affected by __________ the mitral valve is almost always affected as well.
rheumatic heart disease
The ____________ of the aortic valve serves as the mainstay of diagnosis.
echocardiogram with Doppler interrogation
____________ is recommended for individuals with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis.
Valve replacement
Such patients have a dire outlook, with 75% dying within 3 years of symptom onset
The cardinal symptoms of severe aortic stenosis are:
angina
syncope
shortness of breath
The ___________ is the most common congenital cardiac malformation. Males are affected 4:1
bicuspid aortic valve (BAV)
AD: Echocardiographic screening of first-degree relatives is warranted.
(BAV) bicuspid aortic valves result by abnormal aortic cusp formation during valvulogenesis.
_________ fuse to form a single aberrant cusp, larger than its counterpart yet smaller than 2 normal cusps combined.
Adjacent cusps
BAV is associated with _________________. In light of this, the BAVs should be considered a disease of the entire aortic root.
aortic dilation
aneurysms
dissection
Complications of Bicuspid Aortic Valve
Valvular Complications
Aortic stenosis
Aortic Insufficiency: Cusp prolapse
Endocarditis
Complications of Bicuspid Aortic Valve
Vascular Complications
Aortic dilation
Aneurysm formation
Aortic dissection
Asociations: Coarctaction, PDA, Coronary anomalies
Management of Bicuspid Aortic Valve
serial echocardiography at regular intervals
Bicuspid aortic valve disease is the most common congenital cardiac defect, often associated with dilation of the proximal ascending aorta secondary to abnormalities of the ___________.
aortic media
Aortic Regurgitation
condition that occurs when your heart’s aortic valve doesn’t close tightly. Aortic valve regurgitation allows some of the blood that was just pumped out of your heart’s main pumping chamber (left ventricle) to leak back into it.
Aortic Regurgitation
Valve disease
Rheumatic Degenerative Endocarditis Congenital Bicuspid Quadricuspid
Aortic Regurgitation
Disease of the aorta
Dissection Marfan’s Atherosclerosis Annulo-aortic ectasia Syphilis Ankylosing spondilitis Osteogenesis imperfecta
Rapid forceful carotid upstroke followed by rapid decline
Corrigan’s pulse
Signs of Aortic Regurgitation
Diastolic blanching in nail bed when slightly compressed
Quincke’s pulse
Signs of Aortic Regurgitation
