Valvular Disease

Question 1

Abnormal/damaged valves are more frequently infected by ______ pathogens

Answer 1

Benign

Question 2

Cause of aortic regurgitation

Answer 2

Valve disease, aortic root dilatation

Question 3

Cause of Mitral Prolapse?

Answer 3

Inherited disorder, Connective Tissue Disease, Elongated/Ruptured Chordae

Question 4

Complications of cardiac valve vegetations (3)

Answer 4

Embolism; Valve function defects; Potential to become infected

Question 5

Major manifestations of aortic stenosis (3)

Answer 5

Angina, exertional syncope, CHF

Question 6

Most common cause of aortic stenosis in patients <50yo

Answer 6

Bicuspid valve

Question 7

Most common cause of aortic stenosis in patients >70yo

Answer 7

Degenerative Calcification

Question 8

Most common cause of mitral stenosis

Answer 8

Rheumatic Fever

Question 9

Most common cause of pulmonic regurgitation

Answer 9

Severe pulmonary hypertension

Question 10

Most common cause of pulmonic stenosis

Answer 10

Congenital deformity

Question 11

Most common cause of tricuspid regurgitation

Answer 11

Enlargement of the right ventricle

Question 12

Most common cause of tricuspid stenosis

Answer 12

Rheumatic Fever

Question 13

Name the defect: Early diastolic murmur, best heard after exhalation with patient leaning slightly forward

Answer 13

Aortic or pulmonic regurgitation

Question 14

Name the defect: Late systolic murmur radiating from the apex to the axilla

Answer 14

Mitral Valve Prolapse

Question 15

Name the defect: Loud S1 and opening snap after S2

Answer 15

Mitral stenosis

Question 16

Name the defect: mid to late diastolic murmur at the apex

Answer 16

Mitral stenosis

Question 17

Name the defect: Pansystolic murmur at the apex radiating to the axilla

Answer 17

Mitral regurgitation

Question 18

Name the defect: Pansystolic murmur at the lower left sternal border radiating to the lower right sternal border

Answer 18

Mitral regurgitation

Question 19

Name the defect: systolic blowing ejection murmur heard on the left sternal border

Answer 19

Pulmonic stenosis

Question 20

Name the defect: systolic blowing ejection murmur heard on the right sternal border

Answer 20

Aortic stenosis

Question 21

Normal valves are more frequently infected by ______ pathogens

Answer 21

Virulent

Question 22

Treatment for severe causes of aortic regurgitation

Answer 22

Vasodilators/ACEIs to decrease afterload

Question 23

Treatment for symptomatic aortic regurgitation or LV dysfunction

Answer 23

Valve replacement

Question 24

Treatment of mitral regurgitation

Answer 24

Valve repair

Question 25

Treatment of mitral stenosis

Answer 25

Balloon valvuloplasty

Question 26

Treatment of Mitral Valve prolapse

Answer 26

Monitor for mitral regurgitation

Question 27

Treatment of pulmonic stenosis

Answer 27

Balloon valvuloplasty

Question 28

Treatment of severe tricuspid regurgitation

Answer 28

Valve repair

Question 29

Treatment of symptomatic aortic stenosis

Answer 29

Valve replacement

Question 30

Treatment of tricuspid stenosis

Answer 30

Valve repair or replacement

Question 31

Tricuspid regurgitation shows prominent _______ on the jugular venous pressure diagram

Answer 31

V waves

Question 32

Types of Valve vegetations

Answer 32

Sterile (damaged valve/hypercoagulable state), Infective Endocarditis (infection of valve)

Question 33

When is mitral valve repair appropriate?

Answer 33

Older patients with extensive pathology