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Cardiovascular System > CV Physiology > Flashcards

CV Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

___ * SV = MAP/___

A

HR; TPR

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2
Q

____ bundle block: QRS widening with delayed conduction to the right ventricle

A

Right

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3
Q

____ degree AV block: conduction delayed but all P waves conduct to the ventricles

A

First

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4
Q

____ degree AV block: none of the P waves conduct and a ventricular pacemaker takes over

A

Third

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5
Q

____ degree AV block: some P waves conduct to the ventricles but others do not

A

Second

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6
Q

_____ afterdepolarizations occur during Phase 2/3 of the action potential

A

Early

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7
Q

_____ afterdepolarizations occur during Phase 4 of the action potential

A

Delayed

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8
Q

_____ are the most compliant vessels

A

Veins

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9
Q

_____ bundle block: QRS widening with delayed conduction to the left ventricle

A

Left

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10
Q

_______ dampens pulsatile pressure

A

Aorta

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11
Q

_______: fluid pressure determined by the difference between capillary pressure and interstitial pressure

A

Hydrostatic Pressure

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12
Q

_______: osmotic force created by proteins in the blood and interstitial fluid

A

Oncotic Pressure

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13
Q

______: blocks myosin-actin interactions

A

Tropomyosin

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14
Q

______: Resistance vessels

A

Arterioles

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15
Q

(EDV-ESV)/EDV *100

A

EF

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16
Q

Abnormal reentry pathways require _____ (2)

A

Unidirectional block, reentry pathway longer than refractory period

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17
Q

As LA contracts, atrial pressure ______ along with LV pressure

A

increases

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18
Q

At the end of _____, LA is filled with oxygenated blood

A

diastole

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19
Q

Calcium binds troponin __.

A

C

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20
Q

Cardiac Index = ______

A

CO/Body Surface Area

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21
Q

Change in Volume / Change in Pressure

A

Compliance

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22
Q

CO = (MAP- VP)/____

A

TPR

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23
Q

CO = HR * ___

A

SV

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24
Q

CO*TPR = ______

A

MAP - VP

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25
Q

HR * SV = __

A

CO

26
Q

In systemic circulation, resistance is _______.

A

higher

27
Q

Increase in blood viscosity results in ______ blood flow

A

decreased

28
Q

Increase in radius results in _____ tension on vascular walls.

A

increased

29
Q

Increase in resistance results in ______ blood flow.

A

decreased

30
Q

Increase in transmural pressure results in _____ tension on vascular walls.

A

increased

31
Q

Increase in vessel length results in _____ blood flow

A

decreased

32
Q

Increase in vessel radius results in _____ blood flow.

A

increased

33
Q

Increase in vessel thickness results in _____ tension on vascular walls.

A

decreased

34
Q

Increased afterload _____ stroke volume

A

decreases

35
Q

Increased preload _____ stroke volume

A

increases

36
Q

Increases stroke volume and ejection fraction by decreasing the end systolic volume

A

Inotropy

37
Q

Name the ion channel/current: Phase 0, Fast

A

Na

38
Q

Name the ion channel/current: Phase 0, Slow

A

L-Type and T-Type Ca

39
Q

Name the ion channel/current: Phase 1, Fast

A

I(kto)

40
Q

Name the ion channel/current: Phase 2, Fast

A

L-Type Ca

41
Q

Name the ion channel/current: Phase 3, Fast

A

Delayed rectifier: I(kr) and I(ks)

42
Q

Name the ion channel/current: Phase 3, Slow

A

Delayed rectifier: I(kr) and I(ks)

43
Q

Name the ion channel/current: Phase 4, Fast

A

Inward rectifier: I(k1) and I(kACh)

44
Q

Name the ion channel/current: Phase 4, Slow

A

If

45
Q

Normal Cardiac Index

A

2.6-4.2 L/min/m^2

46
Q

Normal Cardiac Output

A

4-6 L/min

47
Q

Normal Ejection Fraction

A

50-70%

48
Q

Normal PR interval

A

0.12-0.20s

49
Q

Normal QT interval

A

<0.44s

50
Q

Relative refractory period lasts until _____

A

Removal of Na inactivation and deactivation of I(kr) and I(ks)

51
Q

Starling Curve: plots _____ as a function of ______

A

CO; EDV

52
Q

The biggest fall in pressure occurs in the ________.

A

arterioles

53
Q

Three major mechanisms of tachyarrhythmias

A

Reentry, ectopic foci, triggered activity

54
Q

Titin Isoform: decrease stiffness by _____ phosphorylation

A

PEVK region

55
Q

Titin Isoform: increase stiffness by _____ phosphorylation

A

N2B region

56
Q

Titin Isoforms: Isoform switching ___ to ___ increases stiffness

A

N2BA; N2B

57
Q

Troponin __: binds tropomyosin

A

T

58
Q

Troponin __: contains one Calcium binding site (two in skeletal muscle)

A

C

59
Q

Troponin __: has two PKA phosphorylation sites (adrenergic response)

A

I

60
Q

Which has the most prolonged effect on CO? Preload, Afterload, or Inotropy?

A

Inotropy

Cardiovascular System (11 decks)

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