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Congenital Heart Disease Flashcards

1
Q

_______ bypasses hepatic circulation in utero

A

Ductus venosus

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2
Q

_______ typically closes 10-15 hours after birth.

A

Ductus arteriosus

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3
Q

_______, especially _____, are produced in the ______ and maintain the patency of the ductus arteriosus

A

Prostaglandins; PGE2; placenta and ductal wall

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4
Q

ASD management children and older

A

Percutaneous closure

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5
Q

ASD management infants

A

Medical management of symptoms

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6
Q

ASD Natural History (4)

A

Undetected in children; Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Atrial arrhythmias, heart failure

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7
Q

ASD Presentation

A

Rare in infancy

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8
Q

Causes of secundum ASD

A

too large of an osteum secundum in the septum primum or an inadequate development of the septum secundum

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9
Q

Coarctation management adult

A

Stent or surgery

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10
Q

Coarctation management child

A

Balloon angioplasty or surgery

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11
Q

Coarctation management infant

A

Prostaglandins then end-to-end anastomosis surgical repair

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12
Q

Coarctation Natural History (5)

A

Development of collateral circulation; death from HF, aortic rupture/dissection, infective endocarditis, cerebral hemorrhage

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13
Q

Coarctation Presentation (1-2 weeks) (3)

A

Tachypnea, poor feeding, cardiogenic shock

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14
Q

Coarctation Presentation (Adult) (1)

A

Hypertension

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15
Q

Coarctation Presentation (Childhood) (4)

A

Asymptomatic, hypertension, claudication symptoms, headache

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16
Q

Coarctation Presentation (Infancy) (2)

A

Cardiogenic shock, absent femoral pulses

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17
Q

Complication of cyanotic CHD with persistent fevers and behavioral changes

A

Cerebral abscess

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18
Q

Components of Tetrology of Fallot

A

RV hypertrophy, RV outflow tract obstruction, Overriding aorta, VSD

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19
Q

Consequences of aortic coarctation (3)

A

Leg pain with exercise, elevated RAA release, necrotizing enterocolitis

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20
Q

CXR findigns of coarctation (4)

A

Rib notching, dilated aortic nob, coarctation, post-stenotic dilation

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21
Q

EKG for adult coarctation

A

ST depression, T wave flattening or inversion

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22
Q

EKG for child coarctation

A

modest LV hypertrophy

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23
Q

EKG for infant coarctation

A

RV hypertrophy with R axis deviation

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24
Q

EKG for VSD

A

hypertrophy and right axis deviation

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25
Genetic Syndrome associated with Aortic Coarctation
Turner Syndrome
26
Masses appear in the truncus: ________ and _______ truncal swellings
dextrosuperior, sinistroinferior
27
Masses appear on the inside wall of the conus: _______ and _______ conal crests
dextrodorsal, sinistroventral
28
PDA (large or symptomatic) in older child
Percutaneous occlusion
29
PDA Natural History
Eisenmenger's, increased risk of endocarditis
30
PDA symptomatic neonate management (not responsive to medical treatment)
Surgical ligation
31
PDA symptomatic neonate medical treatment
Cyclooxygenase inhibitors/NSAIDs: IV indomethacin, IV ibuprofen lysate
32
Physical exam findings for blue tet
Tachycardic and cyanotic, displacement of precordial impulse
33
Physical exam findings for pink tet
Tachypnic and diaphoretic, displacement of precordial impulse
34
Physical exam findings of coarctation (3)
Tachycardia, Blood pressure difference between upper and lower extremities, hepatomegaly
35
Physical exam findings of large ASD (4)
Increased RR, Liver descension below costal margin, systolic ejection murmur, Fixed widely split S2
36
Physical exam findings of large VSD (4)
Active precordium, accentuated S2, harsh holosystolic murmur, mitral diastolic murmur
37
Physical exam findings of PDA (4)
Bounding pulses, variable murmur, wide pulse pressure, hyperactive precordium
38
Physical exam findings of small ASD
Normal exam
39
Physical exam findings of small VSD
Early systolic murmur
40
Products of 3rd aortic arch
Carotid Arteries
41
Products of 4th aortic arch
BCT, LSC, transverse aortic arch
42
Products of 5th aortic arch
Pulmonary arteries and ductus arteriosus
43
Tet (ductal-dependent) management
Prostaglandins (to maintain DA patency), early surgical repair
44
Tet (ductal-independent) management
Elective surgical repair (2-4 months)
45
Tet management in addition to primary defects
Pulmonic valve replacement
46
Tet Natural History (adequate PBF) (5)
Cyanotic saturations, poor enamel, clubbing, bleeding tendency, arrhythmias
47
Tet Natural History (severe RVOT obstruction)
Death at DA closure
48
Tet spell presentation
2-6 months of age; hypercyanosis and hypoxia
49
Tet spell prevention
Beta-Blockers (to reduce RVOT obstruction)
50
Tetrology of Fallot EKG
RV hypertrophy, R axis deviation
51
Tetrology of Fallot results from abnormal development of the ________, which results in an infundibular septum that is displaced __________.
conal crests; anteriorly, rightward, and superiorly
52
VSD management for pulmonary vascular changes, secondary complications, or severe symptoms
Surgical closure
53
VSD management in infants
Management of heart failure/pulmonary edema symptoms (diuretics)
54
VSD Natural History
Most shrink and/or close; Eisenmenger's syndrome
55
VSDs come in two more common types: _______ (75% of cases) and _______ (10% of cases)
Perimembranous VSD; Muscular VSD
56
What is the developed structure? AV sulcus
IV septum
57
What is the developed structure? Bulbus Cordis
Trabeculated RV
58
What is the developed structure? Conus
Outflow tracts of both ventricles
59
What is the developed structure? Inferior Endocardial cushion
inlet portion of IV septum, membranous portion of IV septum, parts of the tricuspid and mitral valves
60
What is the developed structure? Laeral Endocardial cushion
parts of the tricuspid valve
61
What is the developed structure? Medial Endocardial cushion
posterior leaflet of the mitral valve
62
What is the developed structure? Primitive Atria
LA, RA
63
What is the developed structure? Primitve ventricle
Trabeculated LV
64
What is the developed structure? Superior Endocardial cushion
left surface of outlet portion of the IV septum, part of mitral valve
65
What is the developed structure? Truncus
Aortic and Pulmonary Valves and Arteries
66
What is the embryonic structure? Aortic and Pulmonary Valves and Arteries
Truncus
67
What is the embryonic structure? IV septum
AV sulcus
68
What is the embryonic structure? LA, RA
Primitive atria
69
What is the embryonic structure? Outflow tracts of both ventricles
Conus
70
What is the embryonic structure? Trabeculated LV
Primitive Ventricle
71
What is the embryonic structure? Trabeculated RV
Bulbus Cordis

Cardiovascular System (11 decks)

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