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CV Regulation Flashcards

1
Q

_____ release is stimulated by sympathetic stimulation, decreased blood pressure in the renal artery, and decreased Na reabsorption in the kidney.

A

Renin

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2
Q

______ cleaves angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

A

Renin

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3
Q

_______ phosphorylates myosin to activate contraction in VSMCs

A

Myosin Light Chain Kinase (MLCK)

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4
Q

_______ receptors activate Gq

A

Alpha-1-adrenergic

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5
Q

________: stretch causes VSMC contraction via stretch-activated ion channels of the Trp family

A

Myogenic response

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6
Q

Adenylate cyclase produces _____.

A

cAMP

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7
Q

ADH binds to receptors in vasculature to promote vaso______.

A

constriction

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8
Q

ADH is released from the _______ and promotes __________ reabsorption, thereby _____ blood pressure

A

posterior pituitary gland; water; increasing

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9
Q

Aldosterone is released from the ______ and promotes reabsorption of ________, thereby _____ blood pressure

A

adrenal cortex; Na and water; increasing

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10
Q

Angiotensin I is converted to Angiotensin II by ______.

A

ACE

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11
Q

Angiotensin II stimulates release of _______.

A

Endothelin, Aldosterone, ADH

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12
Q

Angiotesnin II causes systemic vaso______ by binding to GPCRs and VSMCs

A

constriction

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13
Q

ANP acts on GPCRs that activate _____.

A

Gq/cGMP/PKG

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14
Q

ANP effect at the adrenal gland: inhibits release of ______.

A

Renin and aldosterone

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15
Q

ANP effect at the kidney: _____ glomerular filtration rate and ______ reabsorption of Na and water.

A

increase; decrease

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16
Q

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a vaso______ stimualted by mechanical stretch of the atria.

A

dilator

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17
Q

Beta-adrenergic receptors activate ______.

A

Gs

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18
Q

cAMP activates _________.

A

PKA

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19
Q

cAMP increases inward current to speed rate of diastolic depolarization via action on ______.

A

HCN channel

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20
Q

cGMP activates _____.

A

PKG

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21
Q

Contraction in VSMCs is terminated by the action of ________.

A

Myosin Light Chain Phosphatase (MLCP)

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22
Q

DAG is involved in activation of _____.

A

PKC

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23
Q

Decreased Adenosine _____ flow to a capillary bed

A

decreases

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24
Q

Decreased blood pressure can lead to ______ firing by baroreceptors and ______ parasympathetic output.

A

decreased; decreased

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25
Decreased blood pressure can lead to ______ firing by baroreceptors and ______ sympathetic output.
decreased; increased
26
Decreased K+ _____ flow to a capillary bed
decreases
27
Decreased pH _____ flow to a capillary bd
increases
28
Decreased pO2 _____ flow to a capillary bed
increases
29
Endothelin binds ______ which activates ______.
ET receptors; Gq
30
Endothelin is a potent _______.
vasoconstrictor
31
Endothelin is synthesized by ______.
Endothelin Converting Enzyme (ECE)
32
Excitation in VSMCs can occur via _____ mechanisms.
mechanical, electrical, chemical
33
Gq activates ______, which produces _______.
Phospholipase C; DAG and IP3
34
Gs activates _________.
Adenylate cyclase
35
In VSMCs, Ca in the cytoplasm binds to ______, forming a Ca-_____ complex that activates _______.
Calmodulin; Calmodulin; Myosin Light Chain Kinase (MLCK)
36
Increased Adenosine _____ flow to a capillary bed
increases
37
Increased blood pressure can lead to ______ firing by baroreceptors and ______ parasympathetic output.
increased; increased
38
Increased blood pressure can lead to ______ firing by baroreceptors and ______ sympathetic output.
increased; decreased
39
Increased K+ _____ flow to a capillary bed
increases
40
Increased pH _____ flow to a capillary bed
decreases
41
Increased stretch of arterial walls _____ firing by baroreceptors and leads to ______ sympathetic stimulation
increases; decreased
42
Ion exchange by ____ causes inward current that can contribute to diastolic depolarization.
NCX
43
IP3 binds to _____ in the SR, which are ______.
IP3Rs; Ca release channels
44
IP3 effect on SR is to _______ Ca release into the cytoplasm
increase
45
Less Ca is required to stimulate Ca release from the SR due to PKA action on _____.
RyR
46
Local tissue metabolites affecting flow to a capillary bed (4)
pO2, pCO2/pH, K+, Adenosine
47
NO activates _______, which produces _______.
Guanylate Cyclase; cGMP
48
NO is ____-atherosclerotic and is found to be _____ in hypertensive patients
anti; decreased
49
NO is a potent _______.
vasodilator
50
NO is produced in the _______ by ______
vascular endothelium; nitric oxide synthetase
51
Phosporylation of phospholamban (PLB) _______ Ca uptake into the SR.
increases
52
PKA decreases sensitivity to Ca by _____.
TnC
53
PKA increases inotropy via its actions on _______.
PLB, L-Type Ca Channels, RyR
54
PKA increases lusitropy via its actions on _______.
PLB, TnI
55
PKA increases sensitivity to Ca in _______.
RyR
56
PKA phosphorylates ________.
L-Type Ca channels, RyR, TnI, PLB
57
PKA phosphorylation of ________ decreases Ca sensitivity in _______.
TnI, TnC
58
PKA slows inactivation of _______.
L-type Ca channels
59
PKC phosphorylates ________.
L-type Ca channels
60
PKG reduces intracellular Ca by activation of ______ and inhibition of ______
SERCA; LTCCs
61
PLB normally acts as a ______ of _______.
inhibitor; SERCA
62
Stretch-sensitivity is mediated by _____ channels
Mechanosensitive Na
63
Sympathetic action on vascular tone is mediated by _____ which is activated by _______.
Gq; alpha-1-adrenergic receptors
64
Sympathetic stimulation increases chronotropy via actions on ______.
RyR, L-type Ca channels, HCN, NCX
65
The _______ subunit of Gi binds to ______.
Beta-Gamma; G-protein inwardly rectifying K (GIRK) channels
66
The baroreceptor reflex is mediated by pressure-sensitive neurons in the _______.
Aortic arch and carotid sinus
67
The essential step in contraction in VSMCs is _______
phosphorylation of myosin
68
True or False: action potentials are required for contraction in VSMCs
FALSE

Cardiovascular System (11 decks)

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