Valvular disease

Question 1

Aortic Stenosis

Answer 1

narrowing of valve

IE, RHF

tried of HF, angina and syncope

ejection systolic murmur that radiates to carotids, heard on expiration
slow rising pulse
narrow pressure
soft/absent S2
can have syncope 

aortic sclerosis - ejection systolic murmur that doesn’t;t radiate

CXR - cardiomegaly, calcification

it can cause left branch bundle block

Question 2

Aortic regurgitation

Answer 2

back flow of blood due to incompetent valve

IE, RHF, Aortic dissection

early diastolic murmur heard left lower sterna; edge 
mid-diastolic murmur if worse 
wide pressure 
collapsing pulse 
nail pulsation
head bobbing

Question 3

Mitral stenosis

Answer 3

narrowing of valve

IE, RHF

mid diastolic murmur
AF
opening snap
malar flush

Question 4

Mitral regurgitation

Answer 4

back flow of blood due to incompetent valve

IE, RHF

pan-systolic murmur, radiates to axilla
can have AF

acute MR - complication of MI

Question 5

investigation

Answer 5

echocardiogram

Question 6

management

Answer 6

surgical valve replacement

TAVI - for aortic and co-morbities

Question 7

murmur for tricuspid regurgitation

Answer 7

pan-systolic murmur louder during inspiration

Question 8

murmur for pulmonary stenosis

Answer 8

ejection systolic

Question 9

murmur for pulmonary regurgitation

Answer 9

early diastolic

Question 10

what is management for symptoms in AS

Answer 10

furosemide